But I am not the same person who taught Elijah Muhammad and I am not God. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); (function() { He taught us the truth of how we were made 'slaves' and how we are kept in slavery by the 'slave-masters children. Reyes | Finn exhibit brings together more than 150 Detroit artists, Taurus Burns embraces his zebra stripes in Created Equal, Four queer, Black women explore the aftermath of heartbreak in Detroit art show. rcel.src = "//trends.revcontent.com/serve.js.php?w=76341&t="+rcel.id+"&c="+(new Date()).getTime()+"&width="+(window.outerWidth || document.documentElement.clientWidth)+"&referer="+encodeURIComponent(referer); From interviews with approximately 200 families who followed Fard, Beynon concluded: "Although the prophet lived in Detroit from July 4, 1930 until June 30, 1934, virtually nothing is known about him, save that he 'came from the East' and that he 'called' the Negroes of North America to enter the Nation of Islam. I worked with a devout follower of the noi. Fard, which contains 40 questions answered by Elijah Muhammad, one of the lost found in the wilderness of North America February 20th, 1934."[25]. [40] The FBI's search for Fard was officially closed the following year on April 15, 1958. In Middlesex, Fard is revealed to be Desdemonas brother-in-law, who had been presumed dead after a rum-running incident. WebWallace Dodd Ford or Fard was also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad and he was the founder of the Nation of Islam in the 1930s in Detroit, MI. Please reorganize this content to explain the subject's impact on popular culture, Beynon stated that Fard's position on human sacrifice "was never made clear. He could've at least sent a letter! ), Mecca-born founder of the Nation of Islam (sometimes called Black Muslim) movement in the United States. Fard appears in the novel Middlesex, by Jeffrey Eugenides, in which Fard's Detroit Temple No. He had met Muhammad in prison where the two men plotted a confidence game in which followers were charged a fee to become Muslims. He measured and weighed the earth and its water; the history of the moon; the history of the two nations, black and white, that dominate the earth. No further birth, marriage, or death records appear to exist for individuals matching Dodd or Muhammad. Two sons of Elijah Muhammad have variously identified him either as an Ahmadiyyah missionary from Pakistan, a position supported by Imam Warith Deen Muhammad, or as an Arab of "Turko-Persian" origins, a view offered by Akbar Muhammad. Updates? Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Following his disappearance, Elijah Muhammad succeeded him as the chief of the Nation of Islam. Otherwise he would chastise us with a severe chastisement until we did submit. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [56] In his 1962 book Black Nationalism: The Search for an Identity, Essien-Udom wrote: "Noble Drew Ali was shot and stabbed in his offices at the Unity Club in Chicago on the night of March 15, 1929 He was eventually released on bond, but a few weeks later, he died under mysterious circumstances. He wrote two books for the movement, The Secret Ritual of the Nation of Islam, which is transmitted orally to members; and Teaching for the Lost-Found Nation of Islam in a Mathematical Way, which is written in symbolic language and requires special interpretation. 5 (54) In 2007, the Nation of Islam had an estimated membership of 20,00050,000. He also taught us to give up all evil doings and practices and do righteousness or be destroyed from the face of the earth. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. In 1959, the FBI issued a smear story to a Chicago newspaper, claiming Fard was a Turk and a fascist sympathizer who had acted as a Nazi spy during World War II. According to the version of Elijah, he saw Fard off at the Detroit airport when Fard was being deported. "Fard, W. D. (c. 1877-1934), Religious and Political Leader The later official view of the Nation of Islam was that he was in Mecca. Corrections? But none can be verified and he is almost certainly long dead now. What seems most remarkable is that Fard seems to have utterly disappeared from the governments (especially the FBIs) radar after leaving Detroit in 1933. WebParking is abundant-plenty of room for an RV, toys, and multiple vehicles. According to Patrick D. Bowen, a PhD candidate at the University of Denver's Iliff School of Theology, fingerprints and photographs taken from San Quentin Prison matched those of Fard taken during the 1930s in Detroit; furthermore, in San Quentin he almost certainly came in contact with African American Muslim preachers and converts also incarcerated there. 1963. Tracing Ford's link to Portland, the FBI determined he had married an 18-year-old Native American girl in 1914 called Pearl Allen. He disappeared in 1934 after several arrests in Detroit and Elijah Muhammad took over as leader of the Nation of Islam. A son born to Allen during their marriage, Donald Campagna, is believed to be the result of an extramarital affair. On a 1917 draft registration card, a Wallie Dodd Ford gave his birthplace as Shinka, Afghanistan. Fard, also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad, had a murky past. They must clean themselves up both their bodies and their houses. She also said she still kept in contact with Ford via letters she sent to his uncle in New Zealand. Message to the Black Man in America. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. He taught us that the slave-masters had taught us to eat the wrong food and that this is the cause of our sickness and short span of life. Also, in many ways, the Nation of Islams depiction of him as God could only work and be credible to potential members if his origins remained obscure and his disappearance permanent.. However, the date of retrieval is often important. r d / (born February 26, 1877) was a co-founder of the Nation of Islam. WebWallace D. Fard aka Wallace Fard Muhammad / f . [28] Additionally, Fard is alleged to have used up to 58 different aliases during his life. Black Muslims Attendances to his sermons rapidly grow over the next three years and then suddenly, without announcing his departure, he disappears, never to be seen or heard from again. [43] According to San Quentin records, Wallie D. Ford was born in Portland, Oregon, on February 25, 1891, the white son of Zared and Beatrice Ford, who were both born in Hawaii. Officials said he came to the United States from Asia.". [8][29], Karl Evanzz of The Washington Post submitted a Freedom of Information Act request to the FBI in 1978 requesting its file on Fard. Others have suggested that he was a Druze or a Shiite."[51]. There is only one known, authenticated photograph of "Wallace Fard Muhammad", which depicts him as a light-skinned, caucasian-looking man: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f3/Wallace_Fard_Muhammad.jpg. Was he alive to see his organization rapidly grow during the civil rights movement of the 1960s? More about myself I will not tell you yet, for the time has not yet come. Omissions? 1960. He founded the religious movement in Detroit, Michigan, U.S., in 1930, and was its leader until 1934, his disappearance. . The Caucasians are the colored people, since they have lost their original color. They must give up completely the use of stimulants, especially liquor. Either way, most people who have investigated his life have come to the conclusion that he was probably mixed race and may have emigrated from New Zealand or the Middle East. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Following his disappearance, Elijah Muhammad succeeded him as the chief of the Nation of Islam. [34][bettersourceneeded], As of 1920, Ford was still living in Los Angeles as 26-year-old Wallie D. Ford, with his 25-year-old wife, Hazel E. Ford. You have not yet seen me in my royal robes.' Fred gave his age as 23 and his birthplace as Europe. 22 Feb. 2023
. Accordingly, he gave his followers Arabic names to replace those that had originated in slavery. The Noble Drew Ali, the prophet of the Moorish-Americans, proclaimed that these people were 'descendants of Morrocans [Moroccans]'. 1962. He returned to Chicago, was arrested on charges of disturbing the peace through his preaching, and again returned to Detroit. ." A Fred Dodd married Pearl Allen in Portland, Oregon in 1914. [32][33], Dodd left his family in 1916 and moved to Los Angeles, using the name Wallie Dodd Ford. WebThe FBIs FOIA Library contains many files of public interest and historical value. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f3/Wallace_Fard_Muhammad.jpg. [citation needed] Harris attended meetings of the Detroit chapter of the Nation of Islam, then also called the Order of Islam, and Allah Temple of Islam, where he was given the name of Robert Karriem. Modern Nation of Islam theology is based upon the belief that Fard's teaching of Elijah Muhammad was fulfillment of scripture regarding God's teaching of an Apostle, where Fard is described as "God in Person", the "Messiah", and the "Mahdi". Practically none of them had been in the North prior to the collapse of the Marcus Garvey movement. (February 22, 2023). Officially, the NOI believes Fard departed Earth via supernatural means. https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/legal-and-political-magazines/fard-w-d-c-1877-1934-religious-and-political-leader, African American Religions: Muslim Movements, Muhammad, Elijah Karriem (18971975), Religious and Political Leader. r d / (born February 26, 1877) was a co-founder of the Nation of Islam. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. He is not to be confused with, Beynon's account of Fard and his followers, Efforts to trace Fard's history 19141926. It says that Wallace Fard "is awaiting an immigration hearing. This would suggest he was, in fact, diabetic. He arrived in Detroits Paradise Valley on July 4, 1930, in order to achieve this goal. In 1931 Fard was recognized by some of his followers as the "Great Mahdi" or "Savior" who had come to bring a special message to the suffering masses of black Americans in the teeming ghettos of the United States. [22], Fard named his community the "Nation of Islam". They would have been born back in the 1860's, long before Hawaii was a part of the United States. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. In fact, some of the most mysterious individuals who have graced this Earth have left the most indelible marks upon our books and records. [17] He came to the homes of black families who had recently migrated to Detroit from the rural South. In compliance with the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) requirements, some of these records are no longer in the physical possession of the FBI, eliminating the FBIs capability to re-review and/or re-process this material. They also have a similar receding hairline that poofs out along the side. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallace_Fard_Muhammad. The past History shows that the ALMIGHTY ALLAH sends Prophets and Apostles for the people's Guide and Example, and through them HIS Mystery was Revealed. Fard, 2017, by A.K. [21][Note 1] These incidents drew police attention, according to Beynon, and contributed to persecutions and schisms. Maybe he was deported after that hearing. In compliance with the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) requirements, some of these records are no longer in the physical possession of the FBI, eliminating the FBIs capability to re-review and/or re-process this material. [20], With regard to Elijah Muhammad, Beynon's article stated: "From among the larger group of Muslims there has sprung recently an even more militant branch than the Nation of Islam itself. [20], Beynon described disputes and tension that arose between the new community and the police over the group's refusal to send their children to public schools. Her judgment could not take place until we hear the truth. Did Shakespeare actually author the work attributed to his name? 1997. Fard appeared as a peddler "from the East," selling silks and other sundries and dispensing advice about health and spiritual development to his customers. Wallace Fard Muhammad was the founder of the Nation of Islam. According to Bontemps and Conroy, Fard claimed that he was the reincarnation of Noble Drew Ali. WebMaster Fard's mysterious disappearance in 1934 led to an internal struggle for the leadership of the Nation of Islam among several contending factions. Fard offered blacks a credo of moral and cultural superiority to their white oppressors. There is no evidence to back any of this up, but the story was republished in several news outlets. He told followers he was born in the holy city of Mecca, and his light-skinned appearance, courtesy of his Russian Jewish mother, was pre-ordained so that he could more easily mix with white people. Officially, the NOI believes Fard departed Earth via supernatural means. WebWant a minute-by-minute forecast for Fawn-Creek, Kansas? He taught a unique form of religion which was based on Islam to members of the city's African-American population. If in this way they obeyed Allah, he would take them back to the Paradise from which they had been stolen the Holy City of Mecca. Muhammad, Elijah. Trevino was a 22-year-old native of Mexico also living in Los Angeles. But both Zared and Beatrice were said to have been born in Hawaii. The NOI consider Fard to have been a light-skinned black man. He taught a unique form of religion which was based on Islam to members of the city's African-American population. The organizations humble origins in the Hastings Street Temple of Detroits Paradise Valley are little known, as is the story of the enigmatic Wallace D. Fard. On their marriage record, Ford gave his race as Spanish, his birthplace as Oregon, and his age as 26. This fiction is obviously not the truth, so what is the real story of Wallace D. Fard? Muhammad, Akbar. It is important to realize that Farrakhan is the current leader of one of two main NOI factions that emerged after the Honorable Elijah Muhammads death on Feb. 24, 1975. I taught him some lessons. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. Harris was later declared mentally unbalanced, pleaded guilty and was imprisoned, while Fard and Ali were released. WebWallace Dodd Ford or Fard was also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad and he was the founder of the Nation of Islam in the 1930s in Detroit, MI. The religion that God set forth for Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and muammad proclaimed by the latter in Arabia in the 7th century, which enjoys the, Pan-Islam The men of the organization were drilled by captains and referred to as the Fruit of Islam. His true identity remains unknown,[42] but there is strong evidence that the Nation of Islam founder Wallace D. Fard was the same man as Wallace Dodd Ford, an inmate in San Quentin Prison. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. Legends soon sprang up about this mysterious personality. The effect of both these movements upon the future members of the Nation of Islam was largely indirect. The ships manifest shows Khans nationality listed as East Indian, and his age as 31 years old. In as much as Elijah Muhammad recognizes W.D. However, Minister Malcolm X and other leaders of the Nation of Islam have emphatically denied any past connection whatsoever of Elijah Muhammad, Master Wallace Fard Muhammad, or their movement with Nobel Drew Ali's Moorish American Science Temple."[57]. Obviously, there are some major differences of opinion here. Fard: Unveiling the Identity of the Founder of the Nation of Islam by Dr. John Andrew Morrow investigates theories of Fard's origin. Since Mr. Fard has been deified, the Temple People raise to the rank of prophet the former Minister of Islam, Elijah Mohammed, now a resident of Chicago. There is No God but ALLAH. He lived in Los Angeles with a woman named Hazel Ford. Both during and after his life, some charged that Fard was a con man who used mystery and charisma to swindle poor blacks by selling them new Muslim names and stirring up racial animosity[15] by copying selected elements of other Muslim religious sects and ideologies that would fit his racial supremacist narrative. He earned his living at various times as a restaurateur, gambler, bootlegger and traveling salesman. He appeared in Detroit in 1930 and made a living as a street merchant. 2 as its headquarters. [67] The FBI charged that Takahashi had been an influential presence in the Nation of Islam. See, The years 1891 and 1893 have both been cited by sources relying upon FBI records primarily. There is no doubt Fard had many enemies - even within his own organization. In 1930, W.D. [24] He established the University of Islam, where school-age children were taught, rather than in the public schools. But I don't get that instant feeling of recognition and "wow, these guys are obviously the same person! In the 1920 United States Census, his race was reported as white, his occupation as a proprietor of a restaurant, and his place of birth as New Zealand. Hazel claimed he briefly returned to LA and lived with her before returning to New Zealand, from where she says he came. In June 1934, Fard left Detroit for Chicago and disappeared without a trace. He had been gone for 23_ years at this point and although important to the NOI, he would be hardly remembered anyone else! Encyclopedia.com. [55] Authors have also cited E. U. Essien-Udom for this proposition as well. Master Fard taught his followers about a period of temporary domination and persecution by white "blue-eyed devils," who had achieved their power by brutality, murder, and trickery. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. He declared that we were without the knowledge of self or anyone else. The Nation of Islam state that Muhammad was of African and Arab descent. In 1933, Fard disappeared and a power struggle within the NOI emerged. Fard, W. D. (c. 1877-1934), Religious and Political Leader So they sent a Messenger to them of their own. A variety of other claims emerged; that he went to Hawaii, New Zealand, and even to the Middle East. The Black Muslims in America. He appeared in Detroit in 1930 and had an obscure background and used several aliases. Powered by - Designed with theHueman theme. Similarly, biblical prophecies and the teachings of Marcus Garvey and Noble Drew Ali were cited as foretelling the coming of the new prophet". I am your brother. He agreed to leave Detroit forever in order to receive immunity, and boarded a train bound for Chicago on Dec. 7. At some point, he established a rudimentary church and read from the Bible, drawing in a mainly black Christian audience. Alternate titles: F. Mohammed Ali, Wallace Fard Muhammad, Walli Farrad. She claimed Ford was a New Zealander who had lived in Portland prior to coming to LA, and that she had one son by him, Wallace Dodd Ford Jr., who had died during World War II. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. The NOI teaches that Wallace Fard Muhammad was an avatar of Allah, who came to America to educate on this forgotten history. He gave the exact birth of the white race; the name of their God who made them and how; and the end of their time, the judgment, how it will begin and end. On a 1926 San Quentin State Prison file, a Wallie D. Ford of Los Angeles gave his birthplace as Oregon, and his age as 31. [14] He influenced his successor Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm X and many other Black Nationalist thinkers. After Elijah's death, Warith Deen appointed Abdullah imam of Mosque #77 in Oakland, California. Excellent write-up! Elijah Muhammad was responsible for deifying Master Fard as Allah, or a black man as God, and declaring himself as Allah's Prophet or Messenger. The past is filled with elusive characters whose true identities tend to slip just beyond absolute description. 1, List of people who have been considered deities, "Wallace D. Fard American religious leader", "Nation of Islam at a crossroad as leader exits", "Louis Farrakhan says billionaires 'paying off' black preachers, politicians", "Nation of Islam resonates in Detroit as it returns home for convention", "The Nation of Islam could be Chicago's savior", "Coverage Of "The Voodoo Murders" Mythic Detroit", Appendices: A. [18] He began by selling silks door to door, telling his listeners that the silks came from their ancestral homeland. Fard reportedly claimed to have been born in 1877. Interestingly she had found a letter among his personal belongings addressed to one "Fred Dodd" of Portland. Contemporary American Religion. WebWallace Muhammad - Disappearance Disappearance In June 1934, Fard left Detroit for Chicago and disappeared without a trace. ", so I don't know. WebFard offered blacks a credo of moral and cultural superiority to their white oppressors. Fard, a man who the FBI alleged used 58 aliases during his lifetime, visited Detroit. Lincoln, author of The Black Muslims in America, originally published in 1961, recounted a legend that described Fard as the black Jamaican son of a Syrian Moslem. WebWallace Fard, also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad or Master Fard Muhammad (/ f r d /; reportedly born February 26, c. 1877 disappeared c. 1934), was the founder of the Nation of Islam. [17] The Quran was soon introduced as the most authoritative of all texts for the study of the faith. [45] According to the FBI story, Fard was a "Muslim from Turkey who had come to the United States in the early 1900s. I don't know what to think. WebIn late 1933 or in 1934 Fardmysteriously disappeared from public record. They must learn that they are the original people, noblest of the nations of the earth. [10], The annual Saviour's Day event is held in honor of Master Fard's birth. "[25] He went on to state: "Why is Stress made to the Muslims to Copy, the Minister, Elijah Muhammad's Answers? Today, the Nation of Islam teaches that he boarded the Mother Plane and is still alive. Although there is only one known picture of "Fard", there are a few known photographs of "Ford", mostly police mugshots: https://zaidpub.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/walaace-fard.jpg. He spoke as a guest at the NOI temples in Detroit and Chicago. Do you personally think Fard fled Detroit in the 1930s and lived on elsewhere, or do you think he was killed? [36][bettersourceneeded], A declassified Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) memorandum dated May 16, 1957, states: "From a review of instant file it does not appear that there has been a concerted effort to locate and fully identify W. D. Fard. This is the story that stuck. [20] Fard prepared texts that served as authoritative manuals of the faith and were memorized verbatim by his followers. Elijah Muhammad, who took the position of leader of the Nation of Islam after Fard's disappearance, railed agaist the media claims that Ford was Fard. A World War I draft registration card for Wallie Dodd Fard[4] from 1917 indicated he was living in Los Angeles, unmarried, as a restaurant owner, and reported that he was born in Shinka, Afghanistan on February 26, 1893. "[37] The FBI took note of the article written by Erdmann Doane Beynon, and it conducted a search for Fard using various aliases including the name "Ford". The 26 November 1976 issue of the Nation of Islam journal Bilalian News reports Muhammad Abdullah's first khutbah at the mosque and shows a photo. [26], On November 20, 1932, James J. Smith, a black man, was killed by Robert Harris, who was his roommate and a member of the Nation of Islam, on a makeshift altar in what was described as a human sacrifice. Personally I don't know enough about the context to form an opinion on whether he was murdered, but it wouldn't shock me if he was. [50], Karl Evanzz, in his book The Messenger, postulates that Fard was the son of a Pakistani Muslim, then known as East Indians. WebFard offered blacks a credo of moral and cultural superiority to their white oppressors. Fard, facing possible charges, confessed that his teachings were dangerous and that he would use his influence to disband the ATI. An interesting piece of information that emerged from Elijah Muhammad's son is that Fard was an excellent cook and dietitian. Free maps of USA towns - printable, unique, stylish, souvenir maps for download now! It's the late 1950s and the civil rights movement is beginning to emerge. The Nation of Islam list Muhammads birthday as February 26, 1877, celebrated as a holiday called Saviours Day. Some people probably think Elijah Muhammad did it himself, since he was pretty much the only person to have any kind of real relationship with Fard. This would suggest he was, in fact, diabetic. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. His very name is uncertain. He began to denounce the Bible, criticizing its passages, to the shock of his followers, until eventually he phased out his Bible readings and began teaching from the Quran. ", Read more about this topic: Wallace Muhammad. [68][bettersourceneeded]. His color is listed as White. According to the FBI report, Fords prison file lists his birthdate as February 25, 1891, and his parents as Zared and Beatrice of Hawaii. 9 Mysterious Disappearances of People Other Than Amelia Earhart, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Wallace-D-Fard, Wallace D. Fard - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). [24], According to Beynon, Fard's followers grew to approximately eight thousand. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. A handwritten lesson written by Fard states: "Twelve Leaders of Islam from all over the Planet have conferred in the Root of Civilization concerning the Lost-Found Nation of Islam must return to their original Land. But he's certainly not black like he claimed. [citation needed], Efforts to trace the origins and life story of Fard have been extensive but have yielded only fragmentary results and not even his date of death is known; further complicating any efforts is the fact that only 5 pictures of Fard are known to exist, 4 being mugshots taken after various arrests and one being the official portrait by the Nation of Islam; most observers agreed they all belong to the same person which was confirmed via facial recognition analysis. [45], A February 19, 1963, FBI memorandum states: "In connection with efforts to disrupt and curb growth of the NOI, extensive research has been conducted into various files maintained by this office. For some time, one W. D. Fard assumed leadership of the Moorish movement. Fard by A. K. Arian studies the origin of the Nation of Islam founder. "In an attempt to determine the origins of W.D. He said that he loved us (the so-called Negroes), his lost and found, so well that he would eat rattlesnakes to free us if necessary, for he has power over all things. According to his successor, Elijah Muhammad, Fard was an incarnation of God. Wallace D. Fard, also called Walli Farrad, Farrad Mohammed, F. Mohammed Ali, or Wallace Fard Muhammad, (born c. 1877, Meccadied 1934? Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. })(); Ethnicity of Celebs | EthniCelebs.com 2023. He disappeared in 1934 after several arrests in Detroit and Elijah Muhammad took over as leader of the Nation of Islam. And that she is number one to be destroyed. Before arriving in Detroit in 1930, under the alias of David Ford, he attained a high rank in the Moorish Science Temple, a vaguely Islam-like religion that disbanded that same year.
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