Oct. 2018. January 2023. Identification of Initial and Subsequent Injury in Young Infants. How many times do you have to shake an infant or young child to cause damage? Prevention of Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma: Time to Rethink Interventions and Reframe Messages. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. Effectiveness of a Statewide Abusive Head Trauma Prevention Program in North Carolina. December 2020. Perception of male and female infant cry aversiveness by adult men. Photosensitive cells calls rods and cones in the retina convert light energy into signals that are carried to the brain by the optic nerve. Child Abuse & Neglect. The Eyes Have It: How Critical are Ophthalmic Findings to the Diagnosis of Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma? Houston Journal of Health Law and Policy: 2011. June 2022. Child Abuse & Neglect. June 2022. February 2021. January 2020. Evaluation of nonaccidental trauma in infants presenting with skull fractures: a retrospective review. Child Abuse & Neglect. Journal of Pediatric Surgery. Journal of Pediatrics. May 2020. Kovski. Neonatal Abusive Head Trauma without External Injuries: Suspicion Improves Diagnosis. July 2022. Although shaking an infant has the potential to cause neurologic injury, blunt impact or a combination of shaking and blunt impact cause injury as well. But the Court of Criminal Appeals stopped his death, sending the case back to the trial court for further review after the scientific consensus on shaken baby syndrome shifted. Describing functional skills in children with cerebral palsy close to age 5years matters. August 2021. Kennedy JM, Ma J, Lyden E, & Haney SB. June 2020. July 2021. Course Information Abusive head trauma, which includes head injuries from child abuse such as Shaken Baby Syndrome, is the leading cause of death in cases of child abuse in the United States. Deora, H., Mishra, Ajit, Gupta, R. Child's Nervous System. Short-Term Effects of Tax Credits on Rates of Child Maltreatment Reports in the United States. Trauma to the head tears blood vessels that run along the surface of the brain. Child Abuse Review. Zensho K, Yamamoto H, Tsukahara K. Pediatrics International. Retinal Haemorrhages in Childhood Encephalopathies: Review of a Prospective Research Programme. January 2018 [epub ahead of print]. Ferguson, N.M., Rebsamen, S., Field A.S., et al. Y.H., et al. Trends in shaken baby syndrome diagnosis codes among young children hospitalized for abuse. February 2016. Bertocci, G., Smalley, C., Brown, N., et al. Estimating the Relevance of Historical Red Flags in the Diagnosis of Abusive Head Trauma. Whole-Spine MRI in Children With Suspected Abusive Head Trauma. Wilson, R.F., Afifi. Violence against children in the time of COVID-19: What we have learned, what remains unknown and the opportunities that lie ahead. The Radiologist. She previously had been . Amagasa S, Matsui H, Tsuji S, Moriya T, Kinoshita K. Am J Emerg Med. Loos, M.L., Bakx, R., Allema, J.H., et al. Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology. January 2020. Jenny. Growth recovery lines: a specific indicator of child abuse and neglect? July 2022. What Do Confessions Reveal about Abusive Head Trauma? Early Recognition of Physical Abuse: Bridging the Gap between Knowledge and Practice. Prioritizing personal and team well-being: Lessons learned during the pandemic. Acceptance of Shaken Baby Syndrome and Abusive Head Trauma as Medical Diagnoses. $5.7 Million Cost per SBS/AHT Death. The "New Science" of Abusive Head Trauma. The National Center for Shaken Baby Syndrome estimates that each year between 1200 to 1400 children are injured or killed by abusive head injuries annually in the United States. Thau, A., Saffren, B., Anderst, J.D., et al. Lawson, M., Tully, J., Ditchfield, M., et al. A Daubert Analysis of Abusive Head Trauma/Shaken Baby Syndrome Part II: An Examination of the Differential Diagnosis, Abusive head trauma: past, present, and future, Understanding Abusive Head Trauma in Infants and Children, The eye examination in the evaluation of child abuse, Response to the Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services (SBU) report on traumatic shaking, Biomechanical Response of the Infant Head to Shaking: An Experimental Investigation, The Supreme Court Screws up the Science: There is No Abusive Head Trauma/Shaken Baby Syndrome 'Scientific' Controversy, Natural history of retinal hemorrhage in pediatric head trauma, The etiology and significance of fractures in infants and young children: a critical multidisciplinary review, Imaging of spinal injury in abusive head trauma: a retrospective. April 2022. Shaking injuries require massive, violent force. Overview. Abusive Head Trauma in Child Maltreatment-Related Homicide Cases in the United States: An Analysis of the National Violent Death Reporting System Data- 20122017. June 2020. January 2021. Dudas L, Petrohoy G, Esernio-Jenssen D, et al. American Journal of Ophthalmology. The leading causes of death among infants are birth defects, preterm delivery, low birth weight, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), and maternal complications during pregnancy. July 2022. Selective Skeletal Surveys for Infants With Skull Fractures: Examining the Rates of Return to Medical Care for Concern of Physical Abuse. October 2020. Pediatric Emergency Care. Child Abuse Review. Factors Associated With Referral of Children With a Femur Fracture to a Social Worker by an Orthopedist for Suspected Child Abuse. SBS occurs when a baby is shaken repeatedly, often by a frustrated caretaker in . Delaplain PT, Grigorian A, Won E, et al. Shah, Y.S., Iftikhar, M., Justin G.A., et al. July 2021. Validation of the PredAHT-2 prediction tool for abusive head trauma. Kelly JP, Feldman K, Wright J, Ganti S, Metz JB, & Weiss A. Documenta Ophthalmologica. Neurosurg Focus. October 2021. September 2019. Check full statistics of Texas deaths in 2021. What is the outcome or prognosis of victims of Shaken Baby Syndrome/Abusive Head Trauma (SBS/AHT)? Discrepancies between children's and caregivers' child maltreatment reporting and their associations with child wellbeing. November 2021. June 2020. November 2022. Paediatric Neuroradiology. Skip to content. Hymel KP, Lee G, Boos S, et al. Globally, the number of neonatal deaths declined from 5 million in . Pediatric Emergency Care. Selective Skeletal Surveys for Infants With Skull Fractures: Examining the Rates of Return to Medical Care for Concern of Physical Abuse. ICD-10-CM Codes for the Identification of Abusive Head Trauma in Administrative Datasets. [epub ahead of print]. The Relationship Between Temperature and Temporal Patterns and Incidence of Abusive Head Trauma in a Midwest Region Hospital. The forces produced during a shaking episode may cause the layers of the retina to slide across each other creating stretching and shearing of the retinal vessels resulting in hemorrhages. Amyloid Precursor Protein in Abusive Head Trauma Suspects. The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. Weiss, R., He, C.H., Parsikia, A., et al. November 2022. Lopez-Bushnell K, Torrez D, Robertson JV, Torrez C, Strickler L. Journal of Neonatal Nursing. Shaken baby syndrome (SBS), also known as non-accidental trauma (NAT) , is a diagnosis that may include a combination of findings including broken long bones such as arms or legs, skull fractures, brain bleeding and retinal hemorrhages. A perfect storm: The distribution of tissue damage depends on seizure duration, hemorrhage, and developmental stage in a gyrencephalic, multi-factorial, severe traumatic brain injury model. May 2019. Cervical Spine Imaging and Injuries in Young Children with Non-Motor Vehicle Crash-Associated Traumatic Brain Injury. Abusive Head Trauma in Child Maltreatment-Related Homicide Cases in the United States: An Analysis of the National Violent Death Reporting System Data- 20122017. Catching the red eye: A retrospective review of factors associated with retinal hemorrhage in child physical abuse. January 2023. JAMA Pediatrics. Journal of Pediatircs. External Validation of the PediBIRN Clinical Prediction Rule for Abusive Head Trauma. Texas has the highest rate of infant deaths in the nation. Journal of Family Violence. Isaac, C.V., Cornelison, J.B., Devota, C.J., et al. Pediatric Emergency Care. 19. Henry, M.K., Schilling, S., Shults, J., et al. Lzrescu, A.M., Benichi, S., & Blauwblomme, T. JAMA Network Open. Bleeding in the layers of the retina are called retinal hemorrhages. This type of bleeding can only be viewed by a doctor using specialized equipment. Purushothaman, R., Desai, S., Jayappa, S., et al. April 2022. May 2022. Pediatric Radiology. Salisbury, T., Qurashi, N., & Mansoor, Q. British and Irish Orthoptic Journal. Optical Coherence Tomography and Visual Outcomes in Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma. July 2016. The Eye in Pediatric Systemic Disease. Pediatric Radiology. May 2020. A suspected case of shaken baby syndromeclinical management in Germany: a case-based overview. El Beltagy, M.A., & Elbaroody, M. Child's Nervous System. Kelly, J.P., Feldman, K.W., & Weiss, A. Retinal Cases and Brief Reports. Child Abuse & Neglect. Afifi K, Bellanger G, Buyck PJ, et al. Laurent-Vannie, A., Bernard, J.Y., & Chevignard, M. Child Abuse Review. Henry MK and Wood JN. Cervical spine imaging for young children with inflicted trauma: Expanding the injury pattern. Violent Infant Surrogate Shaking: Continuous High-Magnitude Centripetal Force and Abrupt Shift in Tangential Acceleration May Explain High Risk of Subdural Hemorrhage. Magnetic resonance imaging of optic nerve and optic sheath hemorrhages in child abuse. January 2017. Alanazi, F.H., Saleheen, H., Al-eissa, M., et al. High-velocity impact injuries, falls from extreme heights, or falls onto extremely hard surfaces provide the opportunities for more severe injuries, like those seen in SBS/AHT injuries. Thackeray JD, Wannemacher J, Adler BH, Lindberg DM. Safeguarding children in trauma and orthopaedics. Abusive head trauma (AHT), which includes shaken baby syndrome, is a preventable and severe form of physical child abuse that results in an injury to the brain of an infant or child. Porto L, Bartles MB, Zwaschka J, et al. Pediatric Radiology. February 2016. Differences in Incidence and Case Fatality of Abusive Head Trauma. Nov 2016. Most skull fractures can be best shown with an X-ray. Part 1: initial considerations and appendicular skeleton. Identification of Abusive Head Trauma in High-Risk Infants: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. June 2022. Brought to you by the National Center on Shaken Baby Syndrome. Child Abuse Review. American Journal of Neuroradiology. on Gericho he did not see any bruising under the baby's arm pit or ribs that would be consistent with shaking a baby to death. Forensic Science Med Pathology: 2009, Joelle Moreno and Brian Holmgren. Cowley LE, Morris CB, Maguire SA, Farewell DM, Kemp AM. Child Abuse & Neglect. Syndrome, and Abusive Head Trauma Texas A&M Extension Online Available at Advanced Cervical Spine Imaging in Abusive Head Trauma: An Update on Recent Literature and Future Directions. Hospital Admissions for Abusive Head Trauma at Children's Hospitals During COVID-19. Inequities in Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma According to Neighborhood Social and Material Deprivation: A Population-level Study in British Columbia, Canada. June 2021. Nikam, R.M., Kandula V.V., Yue. 2022 Health of Those Who Have Served Report. December 2018. Yoon, S., Lee, Juyoung, Jun. February 2017. October 2021. Journal of Children Neurology. February 2021. Pediatric Radiology. Raj, A., Christian, C.W., Binebaum, G., et al. Neurotrauma Reports. [Epub ahead of print]. May 2022. April 2022. Jackson, J.E., Beres, A.L., Theodorou, C.M., et al. van Zandwijk JP, Vester MEM, Bilo RA, van Rijn RR, Loeve AJ. February 2020. Child Abuse & Neglect. Most in Babies Less Than 6 Months Old. Paediatrics and Child Health. The current term, AHT, was adopted by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) in 2009 in recognition of the fact that inflicted head injury of children . Kennedy JM, Lazortiz S, & Palusci VJ. Child abuse-related homicides precipitated by caregiver use of harsh physical punishment. Ghanem MAH, Moustafa TA, Megahed HM, et al. Utility of pediatric fast magnetic resonance imaging protocol as surveillance scanning for traumatic brain injury. Anderst JD, Carpenter SL, Presley R. et al. Newborn Risk Factors for Subsequent Physical Abuse Hospitalizations. Injuries like Charlie's are sometimes referred to as "shaken baby syndrome", but the medical term is abusive head trauma (AHT). Journal of Family Violence. Assessing service quality and access in trauma centers through behavioral health screening, education, and treatment after pediatric injury. Shaken Baby Syndrome is a collection of findings, all of which may not be present in any individual child with the condition. Discrepancies in Physician and Coroner Findings in Cases of Fatal Suspected Physical Child Abuse. Accidental and Abusive Mandible Fractures in Infants and Toddlers. . A JUDGE FINALLY CALLED BS ON 'SHAKEN BABY SYNDROME'. Pediatrics. December 2022. Lenore Skenazy | 5.6.2021 4:01 PM. Head computed tomography in suspected physical abuse: time to rethink? Khan NR, Fraser BD, Nguyen V, et al. Intracranial Injury Among Children with Abuse-Related Long Bone Fractures. Flom L, Fromkin J, Panigrahy A, Tyler-Kabara E, Berger RP. Part 1: initial considerations and appendicular skeleton. Shaken baby syndrome is known to cause long-term brain damage or even death. Survey on Reporting of Child Abuse by Pediatricians: Intrapersonal Inconsistencies Influence Reporting Behavior More than Legislation. Morgan, E.A., Bahgat, R.S., & Dawood, B.M. Neuropathology and Ophthalmological Pathology of Fatal Central Nervous System Injuries in Young Children: Forensic Neuropathology of Deaths of Children Under Age 2, 20082016, in Central Missouri. Pediatric Emergency Medicine. Child Abuse & Neglect. Martin, E., Kraft, J., Wilder, R., et al. The eye in child abuse. Pediatrics: September 2010, Sandeep Narang. Physical Examination Sensitivity for Skull Fracture in Pediatric Patients with Blunt Head Trauma: A Secondary Analysis of the National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study II Head Computed Tomography Validation Study. The CAPNET multi-center data set for child physical abuse: Rationale, methods and scope. Child Abuse & Neglect. Keywords: autopsy; death; shaken baby syndrome. Bas, N.S., Karacan, M., Doruk, E., et al. Pediatric Central Nervous System Imaging of Nonaccidental Trauma: Beyond Subdural Hematomas. Child Abuse & Neglect. MRI scans are used several days to a week after an injury to better diagnose the types of injuries to the brain and show changes in in the brain tissue. Accuracy of the history of injury obtained from the caregiver in infantile head trauma, The classic metaphyseal lesion and traumatic injury, Validation of the Pittsburgh Infant Brain Injury Score for Abusive Head Trauma, Fatal Abusive Head Trauma Among Children Aged <5 years - United States, 1999-2014, Preventing Shaken Baby Syndrome: Evaluation of a Multiple-Setting Program, Rapid MRI evaluation of acute intracranial hemorrhage in pediatric head trauma, The natural history of retinal hemorrhage in pediatric head trauma. April 2017 [Epub ahead of print]. Physical Examination Sensitivity for Skull Fracture in Pediatric Patients with Blunt Head Trauma: A Secondary Analysis of the National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study II Head Computed Tomography Validation Study. October 2017. Child's Nervous System. Whole-Spine MRI in Children With Suspected Abusive Head Trauma. The American Academy of Pediatrics. A case of broken bones and systems: The threat of irresponsible testimony. 4,507. Screening for pediatric abusive head trauma: Are three variables enough? Yamaoka, Y., Obikane, E., Isumi, A., et al. October 2022. A review on clotting disorders and retinal hemorrhages: Can they mimic abuse? Imaging and reporting considerations for suspected physical abuse (non-accidental injury) in infants and young children. Retinal and visual function in infants with non-accidental trauma and retinal hemorrhages. were indicative of violent shaking resulting in an infant's death. Journal of Family Issues. March 2021. The evaluation of suspected child physical abuse. [Epub ahead of print]. Pediatric Radiology: 2014, George Edwards. Gjerde, H., & Mantagos, I.S. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Infants with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury and Associations with Abusive Head Trauma. The Effectiveness of Parenting Programs in Preventing Abusive Head Trauma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Shaken baby syndrome in an infant treated for retinopathy of prematurity with anti-VEGF injection. The American Surgeon. Lifetime Cost of Abusive Head Trauma at Ages 0-4, USA. Outcomes and factors associated with infant abusive head trauma in the US. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. Imaging and reporting considerations for suspected physical abuse (non-accidental injury) in infants and young children. Diagnostic Tools in the Detection of Physical Child Abuse: A Systematic Review. March 2021. Cost of Pediatric Trauma: A Comparison of Non-Accidental and Accidental Trauma in Pediatric Patients. Berthold, O., Jud, A., Jarczok, M, et al. Annals of Surgery. A baby carrier fall leading to intracranial bleeding and multilayered retinal hemorrhages. La Revue de Mdecine Lgale. American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports. An analysis of physicians' diagnostic reasoning regarding pediatric abusive head trauma, Postmortem computed tomography plus forensic autopsy for determining the cause of death in child fatalities. Skull fractures in abusive head trauma: a single centre experience and review of the literature. Shaken baby syndrome is used to explain a triad of injuries in children . Pediatr Radiol. November 2022. Thackeray, J.D., Crichton, K.G., McPherson, P., et al. Rapid MRI evaluation of acute intracranial hemorrhage in pediatric head trauma. These are some of the most relevant research articles about Shaken Baby Syndrome/Abusive Head Trauma that will aid a lay person wanting to learn more about this form of child abuse. Legal Industry; 6 minute read April 30, 2021 1:15 AM UTC Last Updated ago Pro Bono Heroes: How Keker team won freedom for a father in 'shaken baby syndrome' case When this happens, the brain can bounce back and forth against the skull which can cause bleeding, bruising, and swelling. Stray-Pedersen, A., Strisland, F., Rognum, T.O., et al. Abusive head trauma in Japan. 2. July 2019. Nadarasa J, Deck C, Meyer F, et al. Pierce, M.C., Kaczor, K., Lorenz, D.J., et al. Jones M, Darwall D, Khalid G, et al. Child Abuse & Neglect. Children. 2021 Health Disparities Report. Chung, C.W., Levin, A.V., Forbes, B.J., et al. Consensus statement on abusive head trauma: additional endorsements. Ruest S, Kanaan G, Moore J, & Goldberg AP. The world has made substantial progress in child survival since 1990. Shimoji, K., Suehiro, E., Matsuno, A., et al. January 2023. Berger R and Lindberg DM. Lee G.S, Lindberg, D.M., Frasier, L., et al. Identification of Initial and Subsequent Injury in Young Infants. October 2021. The following tips may help prevent abuse: Take a deep breath and count to 10 Take time out and let the baby cry alone Flawed Swedish study on traumatic shaking is already being used by defence lawyers and its findings must be ignored. Subdural Hematoma Rebleeding in Relation to Abusive Head Trauma. Retinal Haemorrhages in Childhood Encephalopathies: Review of a Prospective Research Programme. Shaken baby syndrome is a form of child abuse, and is more formally referred to as pediatric abusive head trauma (AHT). September 2022. April 2021. Journal of Pediatric Neurology. Pediatric Research. September 25, 2018 at 1:22 pm . Risk of Traumatic Brain Injuries in Infants Younger than 3 Months With Minor Blunt Head Trauma. Edwards, G.A., Maguire, S.A., Gaither, J.R., et al. Incidence of child abuse with subdural hemorrhage during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide study in France. Messing-Junger, M., & Alhourani, J. JAMA Pediatr. Pediatric Ophthalmologists' Experiences With Abusive Head Trauma. March 2018. Korean Journal of Ophthalmology. March 2022. These injuries can cause permanent brain damage or death. Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma Prevention Initiatives: A Literature Review. August 2021. Inequities in Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma According to Neighborhood Social and Material Deprivation: A Population-level Study in British Columbia, Canada, Paediatric abusive head trauma in the emergency department: A multicentre prospective cohort study, Long-term visual outcomes following abusive head trauma with retinal hemorrrhage, MRI Findings in Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma: A Review. Weldy, E., Shimoda, A., Patnaik, J. et al. March 2022. Costine-Bartelle B, McGuone D, Price G. et al Journal of Neurotrauma. April 2022. Acta Paediatrica. Devebacak, A., Bekmez, S., Eris, E., et al. May 2021. Paddock M, Sprigg A, Offliah AC. Symptomatic Cervical Spinal Cord Injury Without Accompanying Intracranial Injury Because of Child Abuse. August 2017. January 2022. To report abuse, call our Abuse Hotline at 1-800-252-5400. Catching the red eye: A retrospective review of factors associated with retinal hemorrhage in child physical abuse. Retinal haemorrhage in infants with pertussis. The Association of Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Units and Reports of Child Abuse and Neglect. Houston Journal of Health Law and Policy: 2013, Sandeep Narang and J. Clarke. June 2021. A tiny hand reached out and grabbed a huge fistful of first birthday cake. Chaiyachati, B.H., Wood, J.N., Carter, C., et al. Most cases of shaken baby syndrome happen when a parent or caregiver gets frustrated because a baby won't stop crying. Head biomechanics of video recorded falls involving children in a childcare setting. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. Rabbitt, A.L., Olson, N.L., Niegl, M.N., et al. Figueira Rodrigues Vieira G & Guedes Correa JF. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. June 2017. Throwing the baby out with the bath water - response to the Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services (SBU) report on traumatic shaking. Effect of a Protocol to Reduce Radiographic Imaging in Pediatric Patients With Suspected Fractures. The neuroimaging mimics of abusive head trauma. Fracture-Associated Bruising and Soft Tissue Swelling in Young Children With Skull Fractures. Age-Related Mortality in Abusive Head Trauma. Long-term visual outcomes following abusive head trauma with retinal hemorrrhage. JAMA Pediatrics. Pediatric Skull Fractures Contacting Sutures: Relevance in Abusive Head Trauma. Prevalence of inflicted and neglectful femur shaft fractures in young children in national level I trauma centers. Antoniette J, Resseguier N, Dubus J-C, et al. Memorandum Opinion and Order on the United States' Motion in Limine for Daubert Ruling Regarding the Admissibility and Scope of Defendant's Proposed Expert Witness. Assessing service quality and access in trauma centers through behavioral health screening, education, and treatment after pediatric injury. Abusive head trauma: experience improves diagnosis. September 2021. Fatal Child Abuse. Effect of a Protocol to Reduce Radiographic Imaging in Pediatric Patients With Suspected Fractures. Pediatric Emergency Care. Fracture Patterns Differ Between Osteogenesis Imperfecta and Routine Pediatric Fractures. Trends in Homicide Rates for US Children Aged 0 to 17 Years, 1999 to 2020. April 2017. June 2021. Part 2: axial skeleton and differential diagnoses, Evaluation of the Hypothesis that Choking/ALTE May Mimic Abusive Head Trauma. Trends in Homicide Rates for US Children Aged 0 to 17 Years, 1999 to 2020. Long-term outcome in a case of shaken baby syndrome. The evaluation of suspected child physical abuse. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics. Nuo M, Shelley CD, Ugiliweneza B, et al. October 2022. December 2019. Child Abuse & Neglect. Traumatic axonal injury: neuropathological features, postmortem diagnostic methods, and strategies. Consensus statement on abusive head trauma in infants and young children. Narisawa, A., Nonaka, M., Akutsu, N., et al. Cheon, J.E., & Kim, J.H. Shusterman G.R., Fluke, J.D., Nunez, J.J., et al. Zhang L., Simmel, S., & Nepomnyaschy, L. Child Abuse & Neglect. 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