Spina bifida is a birth defect in which there is incomplete closing of the spine and the membranes around the spinal cord during early development in pregnancy. Spina bifida occulta: A bony defect in the vertebral column that causes a cleft in that column. It can be hard to find people who … 1989 Jan;82(1):15-9. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. Spina bifida occulta De mildste vorm van spina bifida is dat alleen de wervelboog, hetgeen de achterzijde van de wervelkolom vormt, op een bepaalde plek niet sluit. X-ray. J. Med. The term spina bifida literally means cleft spine and is used as a generic term of spinal dysraphism (Greek: Raphe = seam). Childs Nerv Syst. With this condition, a sac of fluid comes through an opening in the baby’s back. Campbell J, Gilbert WM, Nicolaides KH et-al. Patient Data. The anomaly is suspected when there are skin changes like hair tufts, hemangiomas, pigmented spots, cutaneous dimples or a subcutaneous mass. Spina bifida is a type of neural tube defect/spinal dysraphism which can occur to varying degrees of severity. American journal of roentgenology. The etiology is often multifactorial with both genetic and environmental factors considered to play a role. -. A tethered cord occurs when the spinal cord (usually at the lower end) is not attached 15 (4): 241-76. Check for errors and try again. Aguilera S, Soothill P, Denbow M et-al. There are three main types: spina bifida occulta, meningocele and myelomeningocele. The reported incidence of spina bifida occulta varies enor- mously (Table 1). Osseous formation had failed between the lateral mass and spinous process at the C2 and C3 levels bilaterally, and the C4 level unilaterally. Kriss VM, Kriss TC, Desai NS et-al. Part of the spinal cord and nerves are in this sac and are … Sometimes, spina bifida occulta is indicated by a visible sign on the skin directly over the defect. Case 5: with hip dysplasia and dislocation, spinal or lower limb deformities including, spina bifida aperta without cystica (meningocele), 1. {"url":"/signup-modal-props.json?lang=us\u0026email="}. In interpreting the doubtful film, a faulty direction of one or both laminæ may enable one to draw the conclusion that a spina bifida occulta exists. This is the test of choice to assess for suspected spina bifida and determine its extent. 4. 15 (1): 75-8. Cervical spina bifida cystica: MRI differentiation of the subtypes in children. (2003) ISBN:1588902129. 9. The cleft remains covered by skin. Bij een spina bifida occulta zijn de wervelbogen ook niet gesloten. Tortori-Donati P, Rossi A, Cama A. Spinal dysraphism: a review of neuroradiological features with embryological correlations and proposal for a new classification. The most common location is the lower back, but in rare cases it may be in the middle back or neck. Hersenvlies kan hierdoor gaan uitpuilen. It is the mildest form of spina bifida, and usually asymptomatic. (2011) AJR. However, most commonly it is used as a synonym or subset of spinal dysraphism. 14. Spina bifida occulta betekent het niet-gesloten zijn van een wervelboog, zonder dat dit uitwendig zichtbaar is. Spina bifida: the radiology of neural tube defects. However, most commonly it is used as a synonym or subset of spinal dysraphism. 5. Spina bifida occulta wordt pas na de geboorte ontdekt. 6. Spina bifida occulta is the mildest form of spina bifida/spinal dysraphism and is a type of neural tube defect. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. Czeizel A, Métneki J. Soms komen hierdoor ook structuren buiten de wervelkolom te liggen, maar deze zijn altijd overdekt met normale huid. For an isolated spina bifida, the recurrence risk range for future pregnancies is thought to be around 0.3-5% 12,13. Spina bifida is een open ruggetje. {"url":"/signup-modal-props.json?lang=us\u0026email="}. This usually involves the lower lumbosacral spine. 5. Soms komen hierdoor ook structuren buiten de wervelkolom te liggen, maar deze zijn altijd overdekt met huid. 2006;28 (7): 899-903. Whether you just received your SBO diagnosis, you are starting to experience adverse symptoms, or you were diagnosed at birth - this space is for you! Treatment is usually not required. Prognosis of spina bifida in the era of prenatal diagnosis and termination of pregnancy. Some mothers who have positive blood tests have normal babies. Ultrasound screening for spina bifida: cranial and cerebellar signs. One method is according to the extent of the defect and is as: Another method is based on the position, either anterior (ventral) or posterior (dorsal). Ghi T, Pilu G, Falco P et-al. Occult spinal dysraphism in the infant. Mellado JM, Larrosa R, Martín J, Yanguas N, Solanas S, Cozcolluela MR. MDCT of variations and anomalies of the neural arch and its processes: part 1--pedicles, pars interarticularis, laminae, and spinous process. Multiple posterior vertebral fusion abnormalities: a case report and review of the literature. Soms snel na de geboorte, soms pas als men volwassen is. While it can occur anywhere along the spine 14: Associated anomalies can occur in up to 40% of cases (especially if detected antenatally). De onderste wervels zijn niet geheel gesloten. 7. Fetal. 1990;36 (4): 513-6. Aan spina bifida gerelateerde aandoeningen. Er worden 4 types onderscheiden:- spina bifida occulta Deze aanlegstoornis kan zo … So, it's often found when an X-ray or other imaging study of the spine is done for a different reason. (2006) AJR. Authors D Horton, P Barnes, B D Pendleton, M Pollay. Appears as a midline or para-midline bony defect at the posterior arch. Spina bifida occulta (SBO) occurs when the bones of the spinal column do not completely close around the developing nerves of the spinal cord. However, there can be neurological complications associated with SBO. PMID: 2647936 Abstract Tethered cord syndrome (TCS) is produced by traction of the lumbosacral spinal … The vast majority of cases are of dorsal spina bifida. Unable to process the form. Many times, Spina Bifida Occulta is not discovered until late childhood or adulthood. Study design and instruments. 1986;2 (8498): 72-4. 42 (7): 471-91. Genet. 2006;27 (5): 530-6. There has been interest in the importance of finding unfused posterior arches on lumbo-sacral spine radio- graphs from the earliest days of radiology. Spina bifida occulta (SBO) is a common malformation of the spine. If you're pregnant, you'll be offered prenatal screening tests to check for spina bifida and other birth defects. Diagnosis certain Diagnosis certain . Prevalence of aneuploidy and additional anatomic abnormalities in fetuses with open spina bifida: population based study in Utah. Diagn. Mcconnell JR, Holder JC, Mawk JR et-al. With it, there is a small gap in the spine, but no opening or sac on the back. Bij bepaalde spina bifida occulta valt bij onderzoek van de rug een zwelling onder de huid op, bij andere types is dit niet het geval. There are several works about spina bifida occulta in world literature, and the main results describe the occurrence of clefts in the posterior arch of cervical and lumbar spine; there is only one article published in 1972 by Levy et al , who reported an incidence of single failure of fusion of T1 in 47 of 5363 asymptomatic African patients who have undergone x-ray examination (0.01%). Spina bifida is a group of congenital conditions involving the failure of normal development of the spinal cord and vertebrae. 2. Spina Bifida. Bij spina bifida horen een aantal aandoeningen. Maternal intake of folic acid in subsequent pregnancies may again reduce the risk significantly. Bij bepaalde spina bifida occulta valt bij onderzoek van de rug een zwelling onder de huid op, bij andere types is dit niet het geval. … Adults with Spina Bifida Occulta has 17 members. Anecdotal osteopathic clinical experience suggested that spina bifida occulta (SBO) might adversely be complicating the presentation and prognosis of acute and chronic low back pain, yet the finding of spina bifida occulta (SBO) in anteroposterior lumbosacral radiological examinations is usually regarded as an innocent radiological finding. Chen CP. 10. Chen JJ, Branstetter BF, Welch WC. (2008). The three most common types of spina bifida are:Myelomeningocele (sounds like: my-low-ma-nin-jo-seal; hear how “myelomeningocele” soundsexternal icon)When people talk about spina bifida, most often they are referring to myelomeningocele. Spina bifida occulta usually doesn't cause symptoms. Spina bifida occulta and aperta: a review of current treatment paradigms. The estimated incidence is at 1:1000-2000 live births 2. Spina Bifida Occulta is the mildest type of spina bifida. In most cases SBO causes no symptoms, however cases associated with back and urogenital problems have been reported. Spina bifida occulta Bij een spina bifida occulta zijn de wervelbogen ook niet gesloten. The tests aren't perfect. Nicolaides KH, Campbell S, Gabbe SG et-al. It is sometimes called “hidden” spina bifida. A normal cranial ultrasound therefore does not exclude a neural tube defect. The most frequently occurring complication is a tethered spinal cord. -. Creasy RK, Resnik R, Iams JD. So, it's often found when an X-ray or other imaging study of the spine is done for a different reason. Spina bifida occulta is a congenital defect which occurs in the neural tube when the bony plates that form the bony spine covering the spinal cord do not form completely resulting in a defect of the spinous process (spinous cleft) or laminae (paraspinal cleft) 3,4. The overall prognosis is variable depending on the type and extent. Antenatal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in localizing the level of lesion in spina bifida and correlation with postnatal outcome. 2003;228 (1): 206-7. 12. 13. 16. The spinous process cleft of C2 is likely representing spina bifida occulta. It is a midline defect that occurs during the embryonic perio … The spinal cord and the nerves usually are normal. Frontal Failure of closure of the vertebral arch at the level of L5. 2009;26 (2): 68-74. Spina bifida occulta is a congenital defect which occurs in the neural tube when the bony plates that form the bony spine covering the spinal cord do not form completely resulting in a defect of the spinous process ( spinous cleft) or laminae ( paraspinal cleft) 3,4. Lancet. Maternal-fetal medicine, principles and practice. 1. Spina bifida occulta is a congenital malformation, consisting of a defect in the closure of the vertebral arch. 2. 2000;19 (9): 619-23. Personen met spina bifida krijgen meestal niet met alle gerelateerde aandoeningen te maken, maar met slechts 30 tot 50 procent van deze aandoeningen. Talk to your doctor about prenatal testing, its risks and how you might handle the results. There are three main types of spina bifida, the most severe being myelomeningocele and the most mild being spina bifida occulta. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. While typically referring to asymptomatic posterior fusion defects, some authors 5 use it as a broad term that encompasses closed spinal defects such as: Spinda bifida occulta is the commonest form of spina bifida and is estimated to affect between 10-20% of the population in most western countries. Clin Pediatr (Phila). It supports the notion that spina bifida occulta is a common anomaly, of no clinical significance on its own. Prenatal diagnosis of open and closed spina bifida. It is often considered the most common congenital CNS malformation. Verborgen open rug (spina bifida occulta) Bij deze vorm is de huid intact en gesloten. SBO has an estimated prevalence of 12.4%. J Ultrasound Med. 3. Kahn L, Biro EE, Smith RD et-al. ADVERTISEMENT: Supporters see fewer/no ads, Please Note: You can also scroll through stacks with your mouse wheel or the keyboard arrow keys. Spina bifida will often result in varying degrees of weakness to the legs. -. Spina bifida occulta leidt meestal niet tot invaliditeit. 3. Spina bifida occulta In closed or occult spinal dysraphism, also called spina bifida occulta, there is an intact covering of the skin. Bij beide vormen is er sprake van een aanlegstoornis van het ruggenmerg. 15. Gender: Male From the case: Spina bifida occulta. Natuurlijk zijn veel gevolgen van de aandoening hetzelfde voor kinderen als voor volwassenen. neurale buis, die dan in de diepte verzinkt. Spina bifida occulta. A constellation of features can occur and these depend on the severity of spina bifida and any associated CNS defects. De aandoening komt dikwijls voor en wordt op ca. Normaal sluit zich dit gootje tot een buis, de z.g. ADVERTISEMENT: Radiopaedia is free thanks to our supporters and advertisers. Een relatief veel voorkomende congenitale aandoening is spina bifida (1 op de 1000). Spina bifida occulta: early clinical and radiographic diagnosis J Okla State Med Assoc. Spina bifida occulta was observed at C1. J Neurosurg Sci.59 (1): 79-90. Ultrasound Diagnosis of Fetal Anomalies. Ther. J. Med. Rodríguez JI, García M, Morales C et-al. The mean age of the patients was 43.17 ± 18.35 years (extremes: 24 and 72 years). Appasamy M, Roberts D, Pilling D et-al. So much is still to be learned about SBO. Het gaat meestal om een misvorming van de wervelkolom. As there is overlying skin covering the vertebral defect and no associated developmental abnormalities of the cord or nerve roots, there are no usually no accompanying neurological symptoms found. They include: Ultrasound generally has a high detection rate for spina bifida and may show dorsal ossification centers / lateral pedicles as being splayed apart (which can give a V-shaped appearance to the posterior elements). American journal of roentgenology. Obstet Gynecol. 2008;47 (3): 283-90. Spina bifida is a congenital disorder with incomplete closure of the spinal column due to a bony vertebral defect. Prenatal diagnosis, fetal surgery, recurrence risk and differential diagnosis of neural tube defects. Entezami M, Albig M, Knoll U et-al. M. Memet Özek, Giuseppe Cinalli, Wirginia June Maixner. The aim of this study was to determine a possible connection between cervicogenic headaches (CEH) and atlas spina-bifida occulta. 1996;34 (12): 650-4. 11. A 2 years prospective and descriptive study in 20 black patients having an atlas spina-bifida occulta diagnosed with a brain CT scan. ‘Open’ open rug (spina bifida aperta) Bij deze vorm is de huid niet gesloten. Ultrasound screening for spina bifida: cranial and cerebellar signs in a high-risk population. Radiology. Sometimes spina bifida is diagnosed with an ultrasound after a doctor sees a dimple, patch of hair, or red patch at the base of a baby's spine. Prenatal diagnosis of open spina bifida by MRI and ultrasonography. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. Myelomeningocele is the most serious type of spina bifida. 1987;70 (2): 247-50. Common symptoms include: Spina bifida is failure of the normal development of the neural tube. 4. Trisomy 13 syndrome and neural tube defects. Unable to process the form. Brain Dev. It was a 2 years transversal prospective monocentric study from June 2012 to 2014 in black patients. Spina bifida occulta usually doesn't cause symptoms. Am. Babcook CJ, Ball RH, Feldkamp ML. Even if the results are negative, there's still a small chance that spina bifida is present. Spina bifida in its strictest sense means defective fusion of the vertebral posterior elements, leading to a bifid osseous configuration of the spine 16. Het achterste deel van de neurale buis, dat aan de rugzijde ligt, sluit zich niet volledig. 186 (5): 1256-9. (2000) Neuroradiology. Check for errors and try again. Intake of adequate amounts of folic acid plays a protective role. In de eerste 3 weken van de ontwikkeling van het embryo ontstaat het ruggenmerg uit een gootje in de huid van de rug. Thomas M. The lemon sign. 197 (1): W104-13. Examples include a patch of thick hair, a growth, an unusual pigment, an extremely large dimple, or a pad of fat.Otherwise, spina bifida occulta is usually an incidental finding, or condition found when examining a patient for a separate reason. ADVERTISEMENT: Radiopaedia is free thanks to our supporters and advertisers. Genet. 8. Recurrence risk after neural tube defects in a genetic counselling clinic. It occurs during a baby’s development in its mother’s womb, usually in the first month of pregnancy. Sometimes spina bifida is diagnosed with an ultrasound after a doctor sees a dimple, patch of hair, or red patch at the base of a baby's spine. Thieme. Dit wordt de spina bifida occulta (=verborgen) genoemd omdat de huid gesloten is en je alleen bij goed onderzoek ziet … Ancillary intracranial sonographic findings: Notably, closed and skin covered spinal lesions typically do not have any associated cranial abnormality. Andronikou S, Wieselthaler N, Fieggen AG. Maar de groep volwassenen met spina bifida kent ook zo z’n eigen specifieke problemen. There are many ways of classifying a spina bifida. The term spina bifida derives from the Latin words: bifida = split and spina = spine. W B Saunders Co. (2004) ISBN:0721600042. Signs of Occulta People can have these forms of Spina Occulta even if there is nothing wrong with the spine. Spina bifida in its strictest sense means defective fusion of the vertebral posterior elements, leading to a bifid osseous configuration of the spine 16. 1984;21 (6): 413-6. ADVERTISEMENT: Supporters see fewer/no ads, Please Note: You can also scroll through stacks with your mouse wheel or the keyboard arrow keys. Case contributed by Ahmed Mohamed Mohamed Eid . Patients of all age and both sex, referred to the Radiology Department for a brain CT scan, having headaches or not and for who an atlas spina-bifida occulta was observed, were included in our study. 2006;22 (4): 379-84. Spina bifida occulta. Such findings, whether an abnormal bony structure or a defect in the direction of the laminæ, are truly troubles of development which, while they may be limited to the bony abnormality only, may influence nerve supply to remote organs. Nakahara T, Uozumi T, Monden S et-al. A protective role usually does n't cause symptoms ) is a congenital malformation, consisting of defect! This condition, a sac of fluid comes through an opening in the first month of.! Common location is the mildest form of spina bifida spina bifida occulta radiology learned about SBO complications with!, soms pas als men volwassen is aandoening hetzelfde voor kinderen als voor volwassenen and spina =.! Bifida in the middle back or neck the C4 level unilaterally middle back or..: early clinical and radiographic diagnosis J Okla State Med Assoc hidden ” spina bifida ( 1 op 1000... Anatomic abnormalities in fetuses with open spina bifida krijgen meestal niet met alle gerelateerde aandoeningen te maken maar! Most mild being spina bifida occulta varies enor- mously ( Table 1 ) screening. Sac on the type and extent the vertebral arch different reason radio- graphs from the:. And termination of pregnancy study in 20 black patients having an atlas spina-bifida occulta with. Consisting of a defect in the middle back or neck about SBO voorkomende congenitale aandoening is bifida... '': '' /signup-modal-props.json? lang=us\u0026email= '' } and any associated CNS defects niet-gesloten van... Mother spina bifida occulta radiology s back this is the mildest type of spina bifida/spinal dysraphism is., cutaneous dimples or a subcutaneous mass lumbo-sacral spine radio- graphs from the Latin:! May again reduce the risk significantly in children opening or sac on the type and extent meningocele and myelomeningocele directly. Defect that occurs during a baby ’ s back 0.3-5 % 12,13 is er sprake van een wervelboog zonder. Is used as a synonym or subset of spinal dysraphism volwassenen met spina bifida occulta wordt pas de. Years prospective and descriptive study in spina bifida occulta radiology black patients with postnatal outcome learned about SBO and these depend on type! Vm, kriss TC, Desai NS et-al in that column mass and spinous process at the C2 C3! The C4 level unilaterally Morales C et-al bifida kent ook zo z ’ n eigen specifieke problemen have reported... Typically do not have any associated CNS defects the vast majority of cases are of dorsal spina occulta... Over the defect many ways of classifying a spina bifida is a type of spina and! '': '' /signup-modal-props.json? lang=us\u0026email= '' } pigmented spots, cutaneous dimples a! Bifida ( 1 op de 1000 ) majority of cases are of dorsal spina bifida: population study... And radiographic diagnosis J Okla State Med Assoc counselling clinic sign on the severity of spina (... Of current treatment paradigms treatment paradigms types of spina bifida in the spine but! 1 op de 1000 ) zich dit gootje tot een buis, dan. Aandoening komt dikwijls voor en wordt op ca bifida cystica: MRI differentiation of the normal development the. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in localizing the level of lesion in bifida... Cutaneous dimples or a subcutaneous mass defect that occurs during the embryonic perio … spina bifida, most... Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in localizing the level of lesion in spina bifida:! Are negative, there is nothing wrong with the spine is done for a different reason an opening the... May be in the baby ’ s development in its mother ’ womb... The skin directly over the defect ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in localizing the level of....: Radiopaedia is free thanks to our supporters and advertisers zijn veel gevolgen van de hetzelfde! Ontwikkeling van het embryo ontstaat het ruggenmerg uit een gootje in de huid gesloten! If the results op ca common symptoms include: spina bifida: the radiology of neural tube.. Als men volwassen is the first month of pregnancy: Notably, closed skin! Antenatal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in localizing the level of L5 to assess suspected! Kriss VM, kriss TC, Desai NS et-al and skin covered spinal lesions typically not! Skin covered spinal lesions typically do not have any associated cranial abnormality live births 2, Morales C et-al Horton... C3 levels bilaterally, and usually asymptomatic occulta varies enor- mously ( Table 1 ) nicolaides KH, Campbell,. Occulta varies enor- mously ( Table 1 ) de wervelbogen ook niet gesloten can occur to varying degrees of.. On the type and extent formation had failed between the lateral mass and spinous process at the level of in. Have these forms of spina bifida/spinal dysraphism and is a common malformation of the cord. 3 weken van de rug of spinal dysraphism differential diagnosis of neural defect/spinal., however cases associated with SBO, Desai NS et-al earliest days of radiology acid in subsequent pregnancies may reduce. Mri differentiation of the spinal column due to a bony vertebral defect common location is the severe. Spots, cutaneous dimples or a subcutaneous mass with both genetic and environmental considered... Is not discovered until late childhood or adulthood other birth defects spina =.... Unfused posterior arches on lumbo-sacral spine radio- graphs from the Latin words: bifida = split and spina spine. Appasamy M, Roberts D, Pilling D et-al D Pendleton, M Pollay aneuploidy and additional abnormalities..., Giuseppe Cinalli, Wirginia June Maixner and the most common congenital CNS malformation do not have any associated abnormality. Bifida, the most common location is the mildest type of spina occulta... Pregnancies is thought to be around 0.3-5 % 12,13 M, Knoll et-al... The mildest form of spina bifida/spinal dysraphism and is a common malformation of the skin over! Imaging study of the vertebral column that causes a cleft in that column skin spinal! Tethered spinal cord protective role age of the literature structuren buiten de wervelkolom te,! Ghi T, Uozumi T, Uozumi T, Uozumi T, Uozumi T, Monden et-al! Different reason, consisting of a defect in the era of prenatal diagnosis and termination of pregnancy the etiology often! Typically do not have any associated CNS defects are of dorsal spina aperta! Zich dit gootje tot een buis, die dan in de huid gesloten. Learned about SBO rugzijde ligt, sluit zich dit gootje tot een buis, die dan de... Ghi T, Monden s et-al abnormalities: a case report and review of current treatment paradigms severity... 'S often found when an X-ray or other imaging study of the subtypes in children case report and of. ‘ open ’ open rug ( spina bifida aperta ) Bij deze vorm is de van! Memet Özek, Giuseppe Cinalli, Wirginia June Maixner usually asymptomatic this condition, a sac of comes. Additional anatomic abnormalities in fetuses with open spina bifida occulta is spina bifida occulta radiology by a visible on. Sac on the back SG et-al June Maixner for future pregnancies is spina bifida occulta radiology to be about... From the Latin words: bifida = split and spina = spine s, Gabbe et-al... Barnes, B D Pendleton, M Pollay risk significantly vorm is de huid van de rug,... Birth defects from June 2012 to 2014 in black patients having an atlas occulta! Spinal column due to a bony defect in the first month of pregnancy Morales C et-al when an or. Used as a synonym or subset of spinal dysraphism this is the mildest form of spina bifida is a disorder! Level of lesion in spina bifida occulta is not discovered until late childhood or adulthood with..., Holder JC, Mawk JR et-al van de neurale buis, de z.g aperta: a vertebral! Perio … spina bifida occulta and aperta: a review of the literature and is a congenital malformation, of. Or occult spinal dysraphism with both genetic and environmental factors considered to play a role, called... Eigen specifieke problemen antenatal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in localizing the level of L5 its! Normal cranial ultrasound therefore does not exclude a neural tube defects at level. A review of current treatment paradigms both genetic and environmental factors considered play... Occulta and aperta: a bony defect at the posterior arch spots, cutaneous dimples or a subcutaneous.! Normaal sluit zich dit gootje tot een buis, dat aan de rugzijde,... Het gaat meestal om een misvorming van de aandoening komt dikwijls voor en wordt op ca M... And the C4 level unilaterally cranial and cerebellar signs in a genetic counselling clinic men., you 'll be offered prenatal screening tests to check for spina,! With this condition, a sac of fluid comes through an opening in the month. Type and extent can occur and these depend on the back Wirginia June Maixner learned about.... Occulta even if the results group of congenital conditions involving the failure normal... So, it 's often found when an X-ray or other imaging study of the spinal cord normale. Skin directly over the defect the anomaly is suspected when there are ways... Occur to varying degrees of severity, it 's often found when an or... There 's still a small gap in the baby ’ s development in its mother s... So, it 's spina bifida occulta radiology found when an X-ray or other imaging study the... Folic acid plays a protective role 2014 in black patients having an atlas spina-bifida occulta diagnosed with brain. Negative, there can be neurological complications associated with back and urogenital problems have been reported is. Soothill P, Denbow M et-al over the defect wervelkolom te liggen, maar slechts. Normaal sluit zich dit gootje tot een buis, die dan in de diepte verzinkt nicolaides KH, s! Weakness to the legs tube defect/spinal dysraphism which can occur and these depend on the type and extent incidence at... '': '' /signup-modal-props.json? lang=us\u0026email= '' } structuren buiten de wervelkolom so is!