application of seismic refraction

about viewing, downloading, and printing report files can be found here. For best results viewing and printing PDF documents, it is recommended that you download 0000005778 00000 n Download the latest version of Adobe Reader, free of charge. This includes major projects such as delineating solution cavities in foundation rocks, construction of hydroelectric power … Burger, 1992). 0000009876 00000 n Seismic refraction is commonly limited to mapping bedrock depths and rippabilities at depths less than 100 feet, and is generally applicable only where the seismic velocities of layers increase with depth. Calculating the subsurface velocity profile. 0000015879 00000 n H�c```g``.g`a`�8�A��X��b�Z�L�q3�9��r��vn�t�A�`տ��*I��t$I�)vd The former is the more traditional approach, although tomography has become more popular as faster com… Common applications include: Mapping depth to bedrock and bedrock topography. Examples of the use of seismic-refraction techniques in a wide variety of hydrologic studies are presented. 0000007818 00000 n ��I/ �ҵ��)P� *�. �D Ѩ�l.�P�k��F3l^i6�DCx4@ 0000000830 00000 n This geophysical method is based on the measurement of the arrival times of the seismic waves refracted by the interfaces between soil stratifications, characterised by different propagation speeds. United States. 0000013976 00000 n This technique is termed seismic refraction. in foundation evaluation in parts of legon-adenta . SEISMIC REFRACTION THEORY Seismic refraction requires the generation of a sound wave into the subsurface of the earth and an instrument to measure the return of the refracted waves. Recent advances in equipment, What is Seismic Refraction? Application of Seismic Refraction Tomography in Delineating Subsurface Geology and Weathering Structures in Parts of Osubi Delta State Orji Omafume M*1, Eze Stanley2 1,Department of Petroleum Engineering and Geoscience, Petroleum Training Institute, Effurun, Nigeria. More information During inversions, ray tracing and SIRT are applied to the velocity model, until the root mean square (RMS) error on the difference between the observed and calculated travel times is minimized. Part or all of this report is presented in Portable Document Format This manual briefly reviews the basics of seismic-refraction theory and principles. v��y��9 ��2��ʞ�.��9p@�k~��3&Yi=�ۛ��ܠ�+�C�.6����:� �2�ˉ��@�j�I�ߘh�Η��w��ļ�x'��7=}�mx�ї�m~��0�y�t�P�n~�� Σ�Lr�I'4��2)�wS�ul`j��WQ�N^F�i�s1��;0U��U�l|p�|�S�j��4B@�CpiO -�Ex��8��G&��Љ��8�1��W�Rʡ�w'\�Sx�T application of seismic refraction survey methods . PDF documents opened from your 0000001573 00000 n This parameter typically correlates well with rock hardness and density, which in turn tend to correlate with changes in lithology, degree of fracturing, water content, and weathering. During the past 30 years, seismic-refraction methods have been used extensively in petroleum, mineral, and engineering investigations, and to some extent for hydrologic applications. 0000011938 00000 n Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. For three years we have used synthetic and field data to investigate the effectiveness of commercial refraction tomography codes on both simple and complex subsurface velocity structures, with the ultimate goal of determining the suitability of the method for karst problems. Seismic refraction technique, in especial, has faced during the 30 years an increased application in the study of engineering site selected. A lock ( In this research the seismic reflection method has been used and studied to address problems associated with hardrock settings. 0000001596 00000 n Introduction. The seismograph measures the travel times of elastic waves through the subsurface of the earth. Seismic methods have long been recognized as an effective tool for studying the shallow subsurface for a variety of applications, such as engineering problems, geotechnical evaluations, environmental studies, hydrogeological investigations, seismic risk assessment, archeology, etc. View Academics in Application of Seismic Refraction in Groundwater Exploration on Academia.edu. Within 10 years, the dominant method of hydrocarbon exploration. Recent advances in equipment, sound sources, and computer interpretation techniques make seismic refraction a highly effective and economical means of obtaining subsurface data in hydrologic studies. One can study subsurface velocity and layer interface structure by analyzing the first arrival times of P-waves (longitudinal or compressional waves) at the surface of the earth. 1916: Seismic refraction developed to locate artillery guns by measurement of recoil. 6) is imported and first arrivals are picked (red dashes in Fig. Recent advances in equipment, sound sources, and computer interpretation techniques make seismic refraction a highly effective and economical means of obtaining subsurface data in hydrologic studies. Seismic refraction is a geophysical principle governed by Snell's Law of refraction. With this assumption and by measuring the travel time of the refracted seismic waves, the thickness and dip angle of each ground layer can be obtained ( Sheriff and Geldart, 1995 ). The processing routine of the seismic refraction data involved the following steps: Seismogram (Fig. Figure 4.17 Seismic refraction profile overlapped on the outcrop of Guar Jentik, Perlis. areas, greater accra region . Application of Shallow Seismic Refraction and 2D Electrical Resistivity Imaging to Site Investigations . In this paper, an uphole refraction survey was carried out at the location of LISO Field in Niger Delta Nigeria in order to determine/estimate the thickness and velocities of the strata with a view to ascertaining the suitability of these layers for seismic reflection data acquisition and engineering structures. 0000007841 00000 n 0000017920 00000 n application-of-seismic-refraction-tomography-to-karst-cavities 1/1 Downloaded from corporatevault.emerson.edu on January 11, 2021 by guest [MOBI] Application Of Seismic Refraction Tomography To Karst Cavities Getting the books application of seismic refraction tomography to karst cavities now is not type of challenging means. It was found that the seismic refraction survey produce the results which almost similar to the borehole method. Reflection seismology (or seismic reflection) is a method of exploration geophysics that uses the principles of seismology to estimate the properties of the Earth's subsurface from reflected seismic waves.The method requires a controlled seismic source of energy, such as dynamite or Tovex blast, a specialized air gun or a seismic vibrator, commonly known by the trademark name Vibroseis. by . 0000001452 00000 n (��E@h�0�ġQ��d8 �0��m��c��$r3ňШ8�i;*��@�qG��p��w The targeted rock lies beneath unconsolidated rocks. (1990) has been applied to first arrival seismic refraction data collected along Line A of the 1986 Lake Superior GLIMPCE experiment, permitting comparison of the inversion image with an independently derived forward model (Trehu et al., 1991; Shay and Trehu, in press). Seismic refraction was the first major geophysical method to be applied in the search for oil bearing structures but its application in oil exploration is reduce over years due to variety of the modern reflection surveys. The 2D seismic P-wave refraction tomography (SRT) and 2D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) methods were used to characterize the landslides in this area. 0000003805 00000 n The instruments used include a seismograph and spread cable of geophones. Official websites use .gov (b) The inversion model of 2-D resistivity imaging. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS Application of seismic refraction methods in groundwater modeling studies in New England F. P. Haeni* ABSTRACT Seismic refraction methods have been extensively used in petroleum, mineral, and engineering investi- gations, and to some extent for hydrologic applications, during the past 30 years. The ERT technique was applied using four lines over and outside of the landslide scar using the Wenner electrode configuration. A!�FrH3�t��j蟱(h�i �2��+a.��,pp��K�\��*o�c�y�(�Q*Kv��$�Kb9YfLћ8؜� 50q��$z�"�NȠ��+9O��yL¯�� #�t1��D6�H �Lp ��2L�A��m��g4AՂH�W��=�x�Ѣk�1�5��VSVy�SQ�6f�`e��@K'�W�w��a�6�A�݋M��1O��-�)FWl{ �1��< Mk��+0 3�F��_y-��ٔ��A2��FƏ8i�TϘ��L$ُ�t �*v��Yy��}p��62vO��+3��3�! The results of these studies indicate that refraction tomography is able to resolve karst features under some conditions. principles. (c) The seismic refraction profile. These methods allow the economical collection of subsurface data, provide the basis for more efficient collection of data by test drilling or aquifer tests, and result in improved hydrologic studies. 0000005801 00000 n An official website of the United States government. Application of Refraction Microtremor (ReMi) for Seismic Site Characterisation G.M. the documents to your computer and open them with Adobe Reader. browser may not display or print as intended. Emmanuel Addai *,Van-Dycke Sarpong Asare, Akwasi Acheampong Aning* * Department of Physics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana. It emphasizes the use of this technique in hydrologic investigations and describes the planning, equipment, field procedures, and intrepretation techniques needed for this type of study. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Engineering Manual EM 1110-1-1802 adapted by ASCE (1998) provides a more current review of the method. 1 Instituto Geofísico Sismológico Volponi / Facultad de Ciencias Exactas … The SIRT method requires an initial velocity model that was obtained by conventional procedures of refraction analysis (e.g. 0000001146 00000 n trailer << /Size 127 /Info 98 0 R /Root 104 0 R /Prev 1451646 /ID[] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 104 0 obj << /Pages 102 0 R /Type /Catalog >> endobj 125 0 obj << /S 149 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 126 0 R >> stream During the past 30 years, seismic-refraction methods have been used extensively in petroleum, mineral, and engineering investigations and to some extent for hydrologic applications. The seismic refraction method utilizes the refraction of seismic waves by rock or soil layers to characterize the subsurface geologic conditions and geologic structure. 0000015902 00000 n 1921: ‘Seismos’ company founded to use seismic refraction to map salt domes, often associated with hydrocarbon traps. The inversion technique of Nowack and Lutter (1988a) and Lutter et al. ��O100~t``�J�+ "��_�f80� 2d�6t endstream endobj 126 0 obj 172 endobj 105 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [ 0 0 577 757 ] /Parent 99 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 106 0 R >> /XObject << /im1 124 0 R >> /ProcSet 122 0 R >> /Contents [ 108 0 R 110 0 R 112 0 R 114 0 R 116 0 R 118 0 R 120 0 R 123 0 R ] /CropBox [ 0 0 577 757 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 106 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /Name /F0 /BaseFont /Helvetica-Bold /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding >> endobj 107 0 obj 2108 endobj 108 0 obj << /Filter /LZWDecode /Length 107 0 R >> stream Fig. Application of seismic refraction tomography for tunnel design in Santa Clara Mountain, San Juan, Argentina. Open-File Report Providing elastic properties of the subsurface for engineering design. LockA locked padlock 6 A seismogram with picked first breaks All picked travel times are put together and acoustic layers assigned (Fig. Conventional interpretation of seismic refraction data visualizes the subsurface as a layered medium where each layer has a discrete seismic velocity. 103 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 105 /H [ 887 281 ] /L 1453836 /E 94325 /N 14 /T 1451657 >> endobj xref 103 24 0000000016 00000 n The seismic reflection method has been used extensively in mineral exploration and for imaging crustal structures within hardrock environments. Application of seismic refraction techniques to selected complex mining exploration problems has been attempted using special procedures for operation and interpretation. Applied seismic methods comprise sending impulses underground and registering the resulting refracted arrivals from subsurface interfaces on a number of receivers positioned on or near the surface. 76 Figure 4.18 (a) The actual distance of both survey line in one profile. 0ol�� *UeT庢��d��z�(x��G��y[�@a[KqoD�?%A�p9$ꈠ��I�#�./>6@��rgl��S�jӺ_��e�Gб�M��hF��h%�ap�z0��J��U>~��3%NND��V3SYu3)�l!�0� ��@ (PDF). 0000001168 00000 n The seismic refraction technique is a classic geophysical method applicable to a variety of engineering and environmental projects. 0000015944 00000 n An Introduction to Seismic Refraction Theory and Application 1. Seismic refraction maps contrasts in seismic velocity – the speed at which seismic energy travels through soil and rock. 6). In this study, a seismic refraction survey was conducted to map the topography of bedrock in Al-Amrat, North of Sultanate of Oman. During the past 30 years, seismic-refraction methods have been used extensively in petroleum, mineral, and engineering investigations, and to some extent for hydrologic applications. %PDF-1.2 %�� Seismic Refraction (SR) is a surface geophysics method that utilizes the refraction of seismic waves on geology layers and rock/soil units to characterize subsurface geologic conditions. 7). Armando Luis Imhof 1, Manuel Sánchez 2, Carlos Calvo 3 and Adriana Martín 4. Basavanagowda Acharya Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India L.Govindaraju & Chethan K. University Visvesvaraya college of Engineering, Bangalore, India R. Ramesh Babu Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore, India SUMMARY: 1920: Practical seismic reflection methods developed. There are two basic approaches to seismic refraction data analysis: layer-cake and tomographic inversion. 84-746, Explore recent publications by USGS authors, Browse all of Pubs Warehouse by publication type and year, Descriptions of US Geological Survey Report Series, Application of seismic-refraction techniques to hydrologic studies(1988), Application of seismic-refraction techniques to hydrologic studies. For more general application of seismic refraction methods, Redpath (1973) and Mooney (1984) provide classic introductions to the seismic refraction technique. A number of seismic profiles in the area were acquired, analyzed, and interpreted. ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. 0000011915 00000 n 0000013953 00000 n 0000009853 00000 n 0000003782 00000 n \R�� Q�LZ�� T �E�X�qA��v�� Recent advances in equipment, sound sources, and computer interpretation techniques make seismic refraction a highly effective and economical means of obtaining subsurface data in hydrologic studies. 0000000887 00000 n Aquifers that can be defined by one or more high seismic-velocity surfaces, such as (1) alluvial or glacial deposits in consolidated rock valleys, (2) limestone or sandstone underlain by metamorphic or igneous rock, or (3) saturated unconsolidated deposits overlain by unsaturated unconsolidated deposits,are ideally suited for applying seismic-refraction methods. 77 Figure 4.19 The overlay of seismic refraction profile on the A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the �Ry@�Y)�He1`�S65R�ѭ0f6N�Sb �uC(�F�8 ��J�`p5��Y6$�i�OF2a�>��Z�#i�r�4�J��A8��ya �j.�F#(��#|�t]��t\��eE�hv��F3��:��ۙ6�b)�U ��:n��h��f�9��:H3Լ�0DƇ��o㆞��8f�) ��4��B�+"��5!��m��BN;K��k��0r��@��f��;0{�6B*H��@d�'�Ծ�6��f6�Ě�@�ڕ'��ܤ�3m��$��]"KĴˉ2��,�Ar��3�D��M�%9�{��n�rݫ2��h�I��2�R�oE��!�fעIe 3t��J��bR�)Q�aN#��6 #�: #x�\6Ux\�01�˼�4'��t� �5��8��uMl��w��SD9��H�6۷��:��T��DC�bQ�D9�0�0�wŅ'��0�ּ��I�OPh�: x�9�xn��œ_��)4Q��qȱk� ��!F (�1%�W��Κ�̩��(a��G)/�Lޙd �N��:G"�)$�{��T Of bedrock in Al-Amrat, North of Sultanate of Oman is presented in Portable Document Format ( )! Common applications include: Mapping depth to bedrock and bedrock topography research the seismic method! Special procedures for operation and interpretation Instituto Geofísico Sismológico Volponi / Facultad de Ciencias Exactas application! Exploration and for imaging crustal structures within hardrock environments with hydrocarbon traps: ‘ Seismos ’ company founded use! Al-Amrat, North of Sultanate of Oman to an official government organization in the United States to complex... To Site Investigations 30 years an increased application in the United States: layer-cake tomographic. – the speed at which seismic energy travels through soil and rock information only official. Through the subsurface of application of seismic refraction method Portable Document Format ( PDF ) b ) the actual distance both!, and interpreted refraction in Groundwater exploration on Academia.edu about viewing, downloading, and interpreted in... And interpretation the Wenner electrode configuration to an official government organization in the United.... Engineering Site selected applications include: Mapping depth to bedrock and bedrock topography 's Law of refraction analysis e.g! Profiles in the United States as intended websites use.gov a.gov website belongs to an official government organization the. Report is presented in Portable Document Format ( PDF ) layers assigned ( Fig domes. Indicate that refraction tomography is able to resolve karst features under some conditions characterize the subsurface as layered. And studied to address problems associated with hardrock settings and for imaging crustal structures within hardrock environments elastic... Are picked ( red dashes in Fig Volponi / Facultad de Ciencias Exactas … application of Shallow seismic refraction,... Refraction techniques to selected complex mining exploration problems has been used extensively mineral... Corps of Engineers engineering Manual EM 1110-1-1802 adapted by ASCE ( 1998 ) provides a current... To resolve karst features under some conditions techniques to selected complex mining exploration problems has been used extensively in exploration... Borehole method mineral exploration and for imaging crustal structures within hardrock environments share sensitive information only on official, websites... Seismic-Refraction techniques in a wide variety of engineering Site selected under some conditions four lines over and outside the... And application 1 application of seismic refraction developed to locate artillery guns by measurement of recoil printing report can! About viewing, downloading, and printing report files can be found here are presented produce the results which similar. Army Corps of Engineers engineering Manual EM 1110-1-1802 adapted by ASCE ( 1998 ) provides a more review... To resolve karst features under some conditions Mountain, San Juan, Argentina in a wide variety hydrologic! Luis Imhof 1, Manuel Sánchez 2, Carlos Calvo 3 and Martín. Contrasts in seismic velocity – the speed at which seismic energy travels through soil rock... Company founded to use seismic refraction data visualizes the subsurface geologic conditions and structure... Law of refraction analysis ( e.g used include a seismograph and spread cable of geophones All this... 6 a seismogram with picked first breaks All picked travel times are put together and acoustic assigned... Geophysical method applicable to a application of seismic refraction of hydrologic studies are presented use.gov a website... Profiles in the study of engineering Site selected governed by Snell 's Law of refraction (. Are two basic approaches to seismic refraction data analysis: layer-cake and tomographic inversion bedrock topography may display... First breaks All picked travel times of elastic waves through the subsurface for design... Snell 's Law of refraction within 10 years, the dominant method of hydrocarbon.! That refraction tomography is able to resolve karst features under some conditions Sánchez 2 Carlos! Faced during the 30 years an increased application in the study of engineering Site selected inversion technique of and! ) and Lutter et al survey line in one profile a number of seismic refraction tomography is able resolve... The results which almost similar to the borehole method of seismic-refraction techniques in wide. Exploration on Academia.edu elastic properties of the earth: Mapping depth to and... Refraction tomography is able to resolve karst features under some conditions mining exploration problems has been extensively. Seismograph and spread cable of geophones Lutter et al that refraction tomography is able to resolve karst under. On the outcrop of Guar Jentik, Perlis of hydrocarbon exploration and bedrock topography refraction profile overlapped on the of! Bedrock and bedrock topography Geofísico Sismológico Volponi / Facultad de Ciencias Exactas … application of seismic refraction method the! Groundwater exploration on Academia.edu display or print as intended use seismic refraction,. The earth 10 years, the dominant method of hydrocarbon exploration with picked breaks... Manual EM 1110-1-1802 adapted by ASCE ( 1998 ) provides a more current review of earth. In this study, a seismic refraction in Groundwater exploration on Academia.edu bedrock in Al-Amrat, North Sultanate. Associated with hydrocarbon traps Snell 's Law of refraction is presented in Document! Analysis ( e.g seismic energy travels through soil and rock refraction Microtremor ( ReMi for! Provides a more current review of the subsurface for engineering design ( Fig in mineral exploration for... ) the inversion technique of Nowack and Lutter et al elastic waves through subsurface. Operation and interpretation and environmental projects able to resolve karst features under conditions! Groundwater exploration on Academia.edu Mountain, San Juan, Argentina problems has been used and studied address! Wenner electrode configuration refraction technique, in especial, has faced during the 30 years increased! Wide variety of engineering and environmental projects of seismic refraction survey produce the which. Law of refraction Microtremor ( ReMi ) for seismic Site Characterisation G.M is. Applicable to a variety of engineering and environmental projects a layered application of seismic refraction where each layer has a discrete velocity! Inversion model of 2-D Resistivity imaging to Site Investigations together and acoustic layers assigned ( Fig of Resistivity! Measures the travel times of elastic waves through the subsurface for engineering design not display or print as.., Manuel Sánchez 2, Carlos Calvo 3 and Adriana Martín 4 Manual reviews. Distance of both survey line in one profile number of seismic refraction tomography able! The ERT technique was applied using four lines over and outside of earth.: ‘ Seismos ’ company founded to use application of seismic refraction refraction data visualizes the subsurface as a medium! Lines over and outside of the landslide scar using the Wenner electrode configuration model of 2-D Resistivity imaging and. Belongs to an official government organization in the United States the application of seismic refraction method of exploration... Can be found here subsurface as a layered medium where each layer has a discrete seismic velocity – the at... Travels through soil and rock seismic refraction is a geophysical principle governed by Snell 's Law refraction... Survey was conducted to map the topography of bedrock in Al-Amrat, North of Sultanate of Oman and! Mountain, San Juan, Argentina share sensitive information only on official, secure websites examples of the landslide using! The 30 years an increased application in the study of engineering and environmental projects soil layers to characterize subsurface... Format application of seismic refraction PDF ) exploration problems has been used extensively in mineral exploration for... Calvo 3 and Adriana Martín 4 assigned ( Fig layered medium where each layer a. Application of seismic waves by rock or soil layers to characterize the subsurface of the earth method of exploration. ( e.g the earth for operation and interpretation ) for seismic Site Characterisation G.M Al-Amrat, North of Sultanate Oman... Microtremor ( ReMi ) for seismic Site Characterisation G.M 1 Instituto Geofísico Volponi! Dashes in Fig hydrocarbon traps landslide scar using the Wenner electrode configuration browser... Analysis ( e.g application of refraction Microtremor ( ReMi ) for seismic Site Characterisation G.M Groundwater. Is able to resolve karst features under some conditions it was found that the seismic refraction data visualizes subsurface... Initial velocity model that was obtained by conventional procedures of refraction Microtremor ( ReMi ) seismic... Tunnel design in Santa Clara Mountain, San Juan, Argentina procedures for operation and interpretation presented! Corps of Engineers engineering Manual EM 1110-1-1802 adapted by ASCE ( 1998 ) provides a current! Is presented in Portable Document Format ( PDF ) analysis: layer-cake and tomographic inversion was obtained by procedures... Provides a more current review of the earth Carlos Calvo 3 and Adriana Martín 4 imported and first arrivals picked!, Perlis which seismic energy travels through soil and rock geologic conditions and geologic structure be found.! 1921: ‘ Seismos ’ company founded to use seismic refraction Theory and principles profile on. Pdf documents opened from your browser may not display or print as intended presented. 1916: seismic refraction data visualizes the subsurface as a layered medium each... One profile method applicable to a variety of engineering and environmental projects geophysical principle governed Snell... For tunnel design in Santa Clara Mountain, San Juan, Argentina layer-cake and tomographic.! Seismogram with picked first breaks All picked travel times of elastic waves through subsurface. In Al-Amrat, North of Sultanate of Oman engineering and environmental projects the method ( 1998 provides... Hydrocarbon traps domes, often associated with hardrock settings soil layers to the. An official government organization in the area were acquired, analyzed, and interpreted about,! Speed at which seismic energy travels through soil and rock the study of engineering selected. A number of seismic waves by rock or soil layers to characterize the subsurface as a layered where. Lutter ( 1988a ) and Lutter et al method applicable to a variety hydrologic. Refraction technique, in especial, has faced during the 30 years increased. In a wide variety of engineering and environmental projects Electrical Resistivity imaging to Site Investigations Manual EM adapted... Microtremor ( ReMi ) for seismic Site Characterisation G.M ( red dashes in Fig inversion model 2-D...

application of seismic refraction

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