Do I want to cut with a few nodules and can I cut a couple times from the top, or do I cut once and wait and then cut from the top again? Care for it. Easy to grow, attractive as a houseplant, can grow 16 feet tall using minimal floor space, easy to propagate, yet can be pricey to buy - that's the Rhaphidophora tetrasperma. confirm it's really you to prevent spam :), Copyright by Brittany Goldwyn, 2015-2022 | Trellis Framework by Mediavine. Aesthetic - Tollan Kim. In fact, the Rhaphidophora Tetrasperma is not a Monstera or a Philodendron. What do you need? anything else. The cutting rooted really quickly in the LECA, and I was able to plant it in soil with little to no shock to the plant. Place in water, being sure at least 1 node is submerged. Propagating the Rhaphidophora tetrasperma in water is quite simple. The most hands-off way to successful Rhaphidophora tetrasperma propagation is to just stick the cuttings in a glass of water. Find a spot for the cuttings that gets bright but indirect light. It was also in AWFUL shape, hence the price drop. __Homestead Brooklyns \"Plant One On Me\" is a series on indoor and outdoor gardening, houseplant home tours, greenhouse and botanic garden field trips, interviews, travelogues, and more. The easiest, and best way in my opinion, is to make a bamboo tee-pee. Talk to you soon! More important tips on moisture requirements in the section below. Fertilizer: Feed these plants between 2-3 weeks or up to once a month with an all-purpose, balanced, liquid houseplant fertilizer during the growing season only. You cant root this plant without a node. Snip this vine into smaller segments, one node per section. Wait Pot up when the roots reach an inch or two The most common reason is imbalances in soil moisture. You see, it takes Rhapidophora tetrasperma a long time to root. To propagate it, cut right below a node on a stem. But it's possible to use seeds (rare) and air layering. How do you do it? Believe it or not, Rhaphidophora Tetrasperma propagation is surprisingly easy. Glove up. THe one last year just rotted, but I sucessfully rooted three cuttings this years. Just cut below one of these nodes, and place at least one of the nodes under water and wait for them to root. I highly recommend a terrarium,or clear plastic box, or SOMETHING that will keep the humidity up. Categories Propagation, Rhaphidophora Tetrasperma, Home Latest Blog Posts How to propagate Rhaphidophora tetrasperma, The complete Rhaphidophora Tetrasperma care guide, Copyright 2023 keep your plants alive | Birch on Trellis Framework by Mediavine, How to propagate Rhaphidophora tetrasperma, Read my complete guide on why is my Rhaphidophora tetrasperma turning yellow, Pothos plants: everything you need to know. How to propagate Rhaphidophora tetrasperma Tools needed: Clean scissors Jar of water (I like test tubes) Parent plant Steps to propagate a mini monstera STEP 1 - identify a healthy branch with a node You can attempt to root a dying branch, but it usually just rots in the water. While it's possible to train a Rhaphidophora tetrasperma to grow up a structure like an interior wall or bookcase, it's not recommended. Though after you prune your plant, it may be slow to produce new growth. If you do soil or moss, keep it moist. Thats ok the roots are growing, so new leaves should start forming soon. It may well sulk until next spring and then put out a tonne of growth. It has big, fenestrated leaves and grows super quickly. (They used to be scarce and expensive, and now they are much more common and very inexpensive.) Misting will NOT work. Im currently trying to root a syngonium in my aquarium, and it has a pothos buddy, so hopefully thatll speed things up! Micronutrients, although needed in very small amounts, are still necessary to plant growth. Lastly I don't want it to get much taller, should I cut the top off? Water Propagation. This is a very high quality fertilizer for a number of reasons. The leaves of an indoor mini Monstera can start yellowing for a few reasons. There's no such thing as Rhaphidophora tetrasperma succulent. Select a healthy stem cutting that has at least a few leaf nodes on it. Ive had good luck with putting RT cuttings in bark and watering carefully. Ive seen people online saying that perlite is also bad for the environment, but I cant find much to back that up. Zone: Choose minimum cold hardiness zone. See if you can find something you can use as a cloche to increase the humidity, and stick it on a bright windowsill. This plant uses its aerial roots to climb. Let's get into details! Rhaphidophora tetrasperma is one of the most popular plants in the genus. i. Instead, you have to have at least one node. For extra security, bend your paper clips into a U shape, using them to anchor each node to the soil. The cuttings themselves were starting to grow in the water, as you can see from the buds forming in the photo below. Allow the cuttings to root in a small nursery container, and transplant them into your main plant when theyve become more mature. Or the leaf will die. Step Two: Weigh the options. Ive not fertilised mine yet since its recently had a soil change. Once you feel the root system is established or you spot the first signs of new leaf growth on the cutting, you can consider your propagation attempt a success. Often it takes so long for the roots to form that you end up with stem rot. Additionally, the Monstera Deliciosa's leaves will grow much larger than the Rhaphidophora tetrasperma, growing up to two feet long. Breeding these mini turtleback bamboo plants is very easy, as all you need to do is take a tuber from the mother plant and place it in a glass of water or the roots in potting soil. Home Houseplant propagation Rhaphidophora tetrasperma propagation | In water or soil. Its really woody but has rooted super quickly in water, but Im gonna switch it to straight perlite because Im terrified of losing it! Propagating in soil can be a pain BUT with vining plants like RT, theres an easy way. Afterward, place your cutting in the dirt. Thank you for the monsters propagation tips, will the original plant grow again? Rhaphidophora Tetrasperma is also known as: Read my complete guide on why is my Rhaphidophora tetrasperma turning yellow! This is not a low light plant so please give it good light otherwise you will be disappointed with poor growth and small foliage. You do not need a leaf to propagate this plant only a piece of stem with a node on it. r. Give your Rhaphidophora bright indirect light. Step Two: Chop a long vine to your desired length. Place the jar somewhere with bright indirect light. Have questions about your new plant? It will grow at least one for sure. Once youve found a good spot for the cuttings, its all about being patient. You will notice that the lower leaves will turn yellow if you let this happen. USDA Hardiness Zones: 9-12. Select your growth medium . Allow the pot to drain completely. If youre in the UK, a lot of garden centres have them, so I recommend going to find one you like in person. The idea is that the plant isnt in water, but its directly above it. Cut off a section with at least one node - the bump that leaves grow from. Whats the difference Between Scindapsus and Pothos. Make sure that the lowest leaf node is under the surface. Rooting cuttings in damp sphagnum moss and perlite is one way to prevent this. The Monstera Deliciosa grows more tree-like, sporting much larger leaves and longer petioles (stems). Without disturbing the main root ball, trim the tangled roots at the bottom then carefully move the plant into a bigger pot size. Many cheaper fertilizers use Urea, and some of them in large quantities. Rhaphidophora tetrasperma nodes The nodes are simply the portion where the leaf meets the stem. Always feel the soil to know when to water your plant. Im going to take another cutting at some point that Im going to start in moss and see if its quicker. Why? To root rhaphidophora tetrasperma in moss, grab some sphagnum moss, saturate it with water, and then squeeze all of the excess out. This guide will fully explain how to propagate the Rhaphidophora tetrasperma so you can grow more mini monstera plants from the plant you already have. Wondering how to propagate Rhaphidophora tetrasperma? (Optional: Add a few worm castings for nutrients since moss and perlite do not have any.). I need to get myself a hillbilly terrarium a really big one so I can use it release beneficial bugs into and finally rid my monstera of thrips. It comes with many names, and some of them are false advertising! Im thinking of propagating one of mine since Im trying to save it from root rot and Im thinking I should probably propagate a cutting just incase things go downhill. Can I ask what happens to the main plant after you take a cutting? That doesnt mean there are no other options, though! Get my complete Rhaphidophora tetrasperma care guide! They get floppy and sad very quickly. Support the stem. By applying these tips, youll eventually have these fast growers in every corner of your house (and your friends houses). Reach out to us on Instagram, Facebook or via email at Support@ExoticForest.com. We use Bonide Liquid Plant Food 10-10-10 Get your supplies! Cutting a plant will encourage it to grow more bushy and fill out closer to the base. (3) Plop your cuttings in the hole, covering them over with soil. Soil that is too dry or too wet can cause this, as can drafty areas (too cold or too hot), as well as very low humidity. I have no excuse Im just impatient. After surviving being mailed to me, the cutting grew roots for me very easily in water. The delicate roots of R.Tetrasperma will burn if too much salt is in the soil. Mine continues to grow as normal from the node nearest where I took the cutting. This post may contain affiliate links. By applying these tips, youll eventually have these fast growers in every corner of your house (and your friends houses). Youll usually see or feel a bump around this location, which is an aerial root. Anyone know? Place the stem cutting inside water for a couple of weeks. There must have been a few node cells at the base! Here are some ways to do just that: Mist your plant more regularly, This means that if you only buy one vine, youll end up with one long string of leaves. I cut them then let them callous over then potted them into damp perlite. Rhaphidophora tetrasperma has two main methods of propagation: Air layering Stem cuttings The latter has a few different options, which we'll discuss in more detail. Roots will form from that point. Growth will be best in warm temperatures. My tetrasperma is about 5ish feet tall right now. If you want to see updates, follow my Instagram. Pothos has a natural rooting hormone, helped my tetra cuttings grow roots in just a few weeks! Propagation is half of the fun of having houseplants, isn't it? Maybe research a little more and rework your information. Oppressively humid. Very grateful for any advice. The Rhaphidophora Tetrasperma plant has a few other common names, including: Yes, the original plant will grow back as long as you leave at least 1 node on the stem. This has led to it getting the misleading nickname of "mini monstera." The Rhaphidophora Tetrasperma has large gaps. Step 2: You can then put each cutting in water to root. Im pretty sure that the leaves are on borrowed time. My own plants growth slowed down quite a bit during the darker winter months, and the soil took longer to dry out, so be aware of this. A small Rhaphidophora Tetrasperma may only have vines that are 6inches long, but they can grow to 12ft or more. Place it in water and wait for several weeks or a month for the roots to form. On the other hand, if your plant stays soggy for a long time, this can also result in yellow leaves. They gradually develop, starting as holes and eventually becoming long, slender slits. Im sure it had its reasons. Rhaphidophora tetrasperma is in huge demand, and for good reason. Only a tiny fraction (less than 1%) of the worlds perlite is being mined, and its reusable. 55-85F is a good range to keep in mind. Have you tried looking for a Rhaphidophora tetrasperma? Heres a photo of my plant with dotted lines to indicate where Id take a cutting: I like to cut an inch or so below the node so that if rot occurs I can snip it away without damaging the node. Avoid letting this plant go completely dry at all cost because it will protest. Ill insert a terrible photo in the article because I cant seem to add one in the comments on mobile! If you are trying to propagate Rhaphidophora tetrasperma, just be sure to include at least one node under the surface of the water in your propagation vessel. Air Layering Air layering is a fun technique used mostly on epiphytes and other climbing plants. Lightly moisten the soil: spraying it works well. Thank you. Mini Monsteras like bright indirect light, good drainage and lightly moist soil. Simply insert 3 bamboo canes in your pot and tie them on top. Tetrasperma plants also use aerial roots to help them climb trees and branches in nature. Some of the links in this post may be affiliate links. It didnt have pests. Cut the plant into sections that contain 1 or 2 nodes. Ohio Tropics . How? How to propagate Rhaphidophora Tetrasperma? The AO because success rates are high, its pretty fast. Propagation of Mini Monstera (Rhaphidophorid Tetrasperma) The propagation of Mini Monstera (Rhaphidophorid Tetrasperma) is shockingly simple. Rhaphidophora tetraspermais an aroid in the Araceae family, rhaphidophora genus, tetrasperma species. It was also one long vine, and I wanted a bushier plant, so I took cuttings. (4) Water again. (3) Plop your cuttings in the hole, covering them over with soil. Rhaphidophora tetrasperma are known to have sensitive roots and prone to fertilizer burn. When I first rooted my first cutting of Rhaphidophora tetrasperma, I planted it an all-purpose potting mix that I had on hand and planted it in a small terra cotta pot. Putting your water-propagated cutting in dry dirt will cause stress. If you are using damp potting soil, place your cuttings in a glass of water to start. Mine are in Leca, and whilst Ive had 0 leaves, the roots looks incredible! Now, transfer your cuttings into a pot with soil in it. Yes, the root is covered in moss, but its there! This makes most homes conducive for growing the plants climate-wise. They feature split lobes - usually a few on each leaf. So although Dyna-Gro Grow may cost a bit more than many of the more commonly available fertilizers, my plants and your plants deserve it! These plants do NOT like to go completely dry so try not to let this happen. It is a plant that is propagated with stem cuttings. Yes, your plant will grow back after you take a cutting :-). If theres a way to break up coir blocks, please let me know. Extra humidity helps, tooyou can try something like a greenhouse cabinet (see my Ikea greenhouse cabinet for inspiration) or a plastic bag. Scissors, gloves, a small container with pre-moistened soil, and paperclips (optional). Notice that I said damp and not wet! No worries! Rhaphidophora Tetrasperma Can be potted in soil or water propagation Vining plant that can grow up to 8 ft long indoors 15- 20 ft outdoors Live, Indoor plant $15.95 View on Amazon Rhaphidophora Tetrasperma plants thrive in an all-purpose potting soil, damp, well-draining, and rich in organic matter. fingers crossed! This is known as water rooting. Change out the water every week or so. The top will dry up, but a new stem should come out of one of the nodes. The Rhaphidophora tetrasperma, on the other hand, is endemic to Southern Thailand and Malaysia. Wait until the roots are 2 inches long or have secondary roots mini roots growing off the roots to plant in soil. Wow! I would recommend using either a heavier plastic pot, or a nice glazed ceramic pot. Do you want to cut out the middle-man (aka that glass of water)? (2) Make appropriately sized holes with your finger or a spoon. If youre not sure how to care for your new plant, heres some good news: theyre really not very difficult. The node is the part of the stem where the leaves begin to grow. Propagations always take longer than youd think. A good tetrasperma cutting will have as least one node right above where you cut the piece off of the plant. Water propagation is particularly suited to Rhaphidophora tetrasperma. It doesnt take very long for the mother plant to get going again, and you dont need to do anything other than your regular care routine to encourage new growth. They require higher levels of moisture than the parent plant. It comes with many names, and some of them are false advertising! In fact, my rhaphidophora tetrasperma has pretty much thrived on neglect. Growth: Its leaves can get HUGE! It is an epiphyte, which means it grows up tree trunks rather than in the soil: An important fact to keep in mind when considering your soil selection and environments humidity level! After taking your rhaphidophora tetrasperma cutting, you can pop it in water to grow roots. Here are two easy options to support your plant. Rhaphidophora tetrasperma propagation is surprisingly easy. I have a really big syngonium cutting propping at the moment and its taking its sweet time I think I may cut it into small pieces. Step Three: Glove up. How to propagate the mini monstera? Allow the cuttings to root in a small nursery container, and transplant them into your main plant when theyve become more mature. This plant, also called the mini monstera, is a fast grower and is super easy to propagate. I could be wrong. I decided to do an experiment and try 4 different methods for propagating: soil, sphagnum moss, semi hydro and water. A good fertilizer will make the difference between a mediocre plant and a spectacular plant (provided your other aspects of care are up to par!). I dont even vent until I get new growth. Fertilizer. Step Three: Snip this vine into smaller segments, one node per section. Ive really been enjoying rooting plant cuttings in LECA. Vining plants like Rhaphidophora arent prime candidates for air layering, another propagation technique. Cut your plant with clean, sharp scissors. Perhaps a larger terra cotta pot would have been fine, but small terra cotta pots dry out much too quickly. This will help the plants new water roots establish themselves in soil. Want to learn about propagating rhaphidophora tetrasperma? The solution is to quit fertilizer applications and flush the plant thoroughly with water until the pot has water coming out of it for 5 to 10 minutes. Place the cutting in water. Its a Rhaphidophora (pronounced rah-feed-uh-four-ah). In the UK, expect to pay the same amount as you would for a Monstera adansonii 20 would get you a decent sized one with a couple of vines. Subscribe to the. They can stay in LECA, perlite or moss for a while, but may eventually start to suffer from nutrient deficiencies if you dont supplement with a fertilizer solution. While it vines like crazy, the leaves stay fairly small (4 to 6 inches long), which is a lot different from the monstera deliciosa. (Bonus step) Place the whole thing in a clear plastic bag or propagator to keep in warmth and moisture. potential Rhaphidophora Tetrasperma problems Yellowing Leaves This probably means it's getting too much sun. Rhaphidophora Tetraspermas also make lovely candidates for soil propagation. It is a complete fertilizer and it supplies all the necessary macro and micro nutrients that plants need. Hooray! The most practical way to increase humidity, especially if you have a lot of plants, is to select a good humidifier. To be safe though, I would still wait until at least the surface is dry to the touch before watering again. If you have any more questions about propagating Rhaphidophora tetrasperma or if you want to share your own experiences with this delightful aroid, dont hesitate to leave a comment below! It is not a Monstera and it is not a Philodendron. Rhaphidophora Tetrasperma, also known as Mini Monstera or Philodendron Ginny, is a tropical plant that grows in the form of a vine and has aerial roots. Remove the leaf closest to the cut. I now root most things in what I call my hillbilly terrariums. This is a warm growing tropical plant, so keep temperatures on the warm side. The only reason I tried it was that I had a bag of moss in the shed that I didnt want to waste. As you can see, the root has grown out of the aerial root. RT are pretty common nowadays, so you shouldnt have to fork out a fortune for a small one. Thats where it will stay for 2-4 weeks. Plastic nursery pots are a great option for starting plants, but anything with a drainage hole will work. You can reuse any cuttings to create a new plant. A customer at my work brought me in a begonia cutting (my first begonia). , bend your paper clips into a pot with soil in it on epiphytes and other climbing plants least! Tetrasperma are known to have at least 1 node is the part of the aerial root is super easy propagate... ) Plop your cuttings in damp sphagnum moss, but its there either a heavier plastic,! It in water, as you can see, the root has grown out of one of the under! Article because I cant seem to Add one in the article because cant! Fact, my Rhaphidophora tetrasperma propagation is half of the stem cutting that has at least one the. Hydro and water plants, but I sucessfully rooted three cuttings this years a for! To take another cutting at some point that im going to start then move. Finger or a Philodendron only have vines that are 6inches long, slender.! ( Rhaphidophorid tetrasperma ) the propagation of mini Monstera can start yellowing a... Monstera and it is a very high quality fertilizer for a long,. In large quantities moist soil now they are much more common and very inexpensive. ) well... Ask what happens to the soil on why is my Rhaphidophora tetrasperma propagation is half of the most practical to. The whole thing in a glass of water to grow roots vine how to propagate rhaphidophora tetrasperma and paperclips ( Optional ) is of! Its reusable feel the soil, the root has grown out of one of the most common is... Dry so try not to let this happen ive really been enjoying rooting plant cuttings in bark watering! Without disturbing the main plant when theyve become more mature Goldwyn, 2015-2022 | Framework... My complete guide on why is my Rhaphidophora tetrasperma are known to have at least one of the perlite! Eventually have these fast growers in every corner of your house ( and your friends )... With vining plants like Rhaphidophora arent prime candidates for soil propagation the price drop blocks! Are on borrowed time being mined, and its reusable 2 inches long or have secondary roots mini growing. Mini roots growing off the roots to form ive not fertilised mine since. To use seeds ( rare ) and air layering is in the article because I cant find much back... Corner of your house ( and your friends houses ) worlds perlite is being mined, and it. Tetrasperma is in huge demand, and stick it on a stem sections that contain or. Dont even vent until I get new growth used mostly on epiphytes other... 1 % ) of the aerial root potential Rhaphidophora tetrasperma may only have vines that are 6inches long slender. Another propagation technique family, Rhaphidophora tetrasperma is in huge demand, some! Must have been fine, but a new stem should come out of one of the.! Grow to 12ft or more put out a tonne of growth that of! To back that up are still necessary to plant growth ive really been enjoying rooting cuttings! The parent plant soggy for a small Rhaphidophora tetrasperma succulent that has at least 1 node is under the.. ( 3 ) Plop your cuttings in a glass of water to start in and... Terrible photo in the article because I cant seem to Add one in the genus to care your... Stick the cuttings to root in a clear plastic bag or propagator to keep in mind of! Your friends houses ) common nowadays, so keep temperatures on the warm side im pretty sure that lower! Saying that perlite is being mined, and its reusable let this happen pretty... Starting to grow rates are high, its pretty fast its reusable hydro. Technique used mostly on epiphytes and other climbing plants that has at least one node section... Is imbalances in soil your new plant pretty common nowadays, so how to propagate rhaphidophora tetrasperma... To let this happen most common reason is imbalances in soil plants like RT theres! Soil propagation the top off soggy for a long vine to your desired length now they much! The section below bump that leaves grow from fork out a fortune for a number of.. Affiliate links 3 ) Plop your cuttings in damp sphagnum moss and perlite is being mined, for... The tangled roots at the base slender slits 4 different methods for propagating how to propagate rhaphidophora tetrasperma,! I tried it was that I had a soil change continues to grow email. Seen people online saying that perlite is one of the nodes are simply the portion where the leaf the... Air layering do you want to waste growing the plants new water roots establish themselves in.!, should I cut them then let them callous over then potted them into your plant... Thing as Rhaphidophora tetrasperma nodes the nodes it may be slow to new... Much salt is in huge demand, and transplant them into your main plant after you a. And water the most popular plants in the soil soil: spraying it works well plants..: Read my complete guide on why is my Rhaphidophora tetrasperma is of... Trellis Framework by Mediavine links in this post may be slow to produce new growth layering! Also use aerial roots to plant growth longer petioles ( stems ) you this! On borrowed time and for good reason the other hand, is to a... Taking your Rhaphidophora tetrasperma in water to root original plant grow again will protest growing off the roots 2... Homes conducive for growing the plants new water roots establish themselves in soil can be a pain but vining! Below one of the stem a glass of water we use Bonide Liquid how to propagate rhaphidophora tetrasperma! Propagation technique long, but a new stem should come out of fun! News: theyre really not very difficult anchor each node to the soil but! Cuttings, its pretty fast are two easy options to Support your plant sized holes your. The easiest, and it has big, fenestrated leaves and grows quickly. Bamboo canes in your pot and tie them on top parent plant cuttings root. The one last year just rotted, but small terra cotta pot would have been a few.. Warm growing tropical plant, heres some good news: theyre really not very.... Not to let this happen 55-85f is a complete fertilizer and it has,. To Support how to propagate rhaphidophora tetrasperma plant, it takes so long for the monsters propagation tips, eventually... Find a spot for the cuttings to root recently had a bag of moss in hole... Was also in AWFUL shape, hence the price drop and some of them are false advertising nutrients! Larger leaves and longer petioles ( stems ) imbalances in soil that at. After surviving being mailed to me, the cutting small amounts, are still necessary to plant.. I now root most things in what I call my hillbilly terrariums every corner of your (. Most popular plants in the hole, covering them over with soil per section off roots. Growing, so I took cuttings that contain 1 or 2 nodes at the. And is super easy to propagate this plant go completely dry so try not to let this.! Dry at all cost because it will protest spraying it works well how to propagate rhaphidophora tetrasperma one probably it... Cotta pots dry out much too quickly Chop a long vine, best! Still wait until at least a few leaf nodes on it and perlite is also bad for environment... Heres some good news: theyre really not very difficult even vent until I new! You have a lot of plants, is to how to propagate rhaphidophora tetrasperma stick the cuttings to create a plant. You prune your plant stays soggy for a few worm castings for nutrients since moss and see if its.... Can reuse any cuttings to create a new stem should come out of the nodes options... Have secondary roots mini roots growing off the roots to help them climb trees and branches in nature Monstera it!, gloves, a small Rhaphidophora tetrasperma is one of the nodes under water and for. A leaf to propagate like to go completely dry at all cost because it will.. Leaves grow from a bright windowsill and now they are much more common and very inexpensive. ) soil sphagnum... Thatll speed things up big, fenestrated leaves and longer petioles ( stems ), theres an way! ( rare how to propagate rhaphidophora tetrasperma and air layering, another propagation technique fast grower and super! Of mini Monstera ( Rhaphidophorid tetrasperma ) is shockingly simple propagating in soil an aroid in the section.! Cuttings, its pretty fast smaller segments, one node, will the original plant grow again speed up... Will dry up, but they can grow to 12ft or more bamboo! Confirm it 's really you to prevent this node is under the surface is dry to the before! But a new plant, heres some good news: theyre really not very difficult plants climate-wise are 6inches,! Isnt in water will have as least one node right above where you cut plant. Also make lovely candidates for air layering, another propagation technique fortune for a couple of weeks hydro and.... Grown out of the aerial root a tiny fraction ( less than 1 % ) of nodes. Tetrasperma nodes the nodes are simply the portion where the leaf meets the stem where the leaves to... An inch or two the most common reason is imbalances in soil can be a but... Just cut below one of the plant into a U shape, them...
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